Agile Development And Variation In SCRUM Sprint Information Technology Essay

Coordinated Development And Variation In SCRUM Sprint Information Technology Essay In Agile advancement SCRUM is profoundly satisfactory methodology. Furthermore, principle assemblage of SCRUM is driven by the run. Exercises in the SCRUM run are run meeting, run survey, run excess, improvement, acknowledgment testing, scrum meeting, run review, and last shippable work item. it is seen that there are despite everything missing exercises that can be obliged to improve the run. The examination proposes some more exercises that can be obliged from other deft approachs such XP, DSDM, and RUP/EUP. The new methodology will upgrade the run ability. Watchwords: Agile turn of events, SCRUM, Extreme Programming, Rational Unified Process, Dynamic Systems Development Method Presentation Coordinated improvement is a gathering of strategies where necessities and arrangements create through joint effort between self-sorting out, cross-practical, durable groups. The fundamental spotlight is on making working programming that could be given over to the client rapidly as opposed to investing a ton of energy reviewing determinations front. Nimble spotlights on fast cycle, with consistent client contribution all through the improvement lifecycle. In this paper we present an advancement procedure, in this procedure we have distinguished the missing exercises in the SCRUM and teamed up the exercises that are accessible in other Agile approachs, for example, XP, DSM and RUP Examination METHODOLOGY The approach chose for this examination depends on the subjective investigation of the coordinated structures accessible in the business. Lithe Lithe has advanced as a light weight programming improvement technique against the unbelievable substantial weight programming improvement approachs, for example, cascade, winding, quick prototyping, gradual. Spry philosophy depends on iterative and steady improvement that break errands into little augmentations with ostensible arranging called cycle. Cycles are brief timeframe outlines that ordinarily last from one to about a month. Every emphasis includes a group working through a full programming improvement cycle. Spry ALLIANCE In spring of 2001, 17 programming designers met at UTAH to see whether there was anything in like manner between the different light philosophies such asAdaptive Software Development, XP, Scrum, Crystal, Feature driven Development, Dynamic System Development Method (DSDM). Deft MANIFESTO We are revealing better methods of creating programming by doing it and helping other people do it. Through this work we have come to esteem: People and associations over procedures and devices Working programming over complete documentation Client joint effort over agreement exchange Reacting to change over after an arrangement [Martin C. Robert , Agile Principles, Patterns, and Practices in C#, Martin Micah, 2006] SCRUM Scrum is a gradual iterative procedure. In Scrum, item advancement is done in iterative cycles called Sprints. Runs are normally 1 a month long, and the time box isn't extendable, for example the excess things that couldn't be finished in one run are provided food in the following run. When a run date is submitted it is rarely broadened. Toward the beginning of a Sprint, there is a run gathering wherein need things of item excess are chosen and group computes the endeavors and resolves to finish them in the Sprint. Consistently there is a day by day standup meeting in which group reports the advancement to one another and update basic visual portrayals of work staying in run copy down outline. [The Scrum Papers: Nuts, Bolts, and Origins of an Agile Process Jeff Sutherland, Ph.D. Ken Schwaber Co-Creators of Scrum, 2007] [Deemer.P and Benefield.G, SCRUM PRIMER, 2006] Outrageous PROGRAMMING Outrageous Programming is a dexterous advancement strategy that centers around the basic exercises required to construct programming. Like other light-footed philosophies it likewise underpins the advancement in little cycles after a work item is accessible to be discharged. Not at all like conventional SDLC, outrageous programming doesn't bolster various periods of prerequisite get-together , investigation, structure and advancement rather it advocates a domain where the customer is the piece of the group and all the periods of SDLC are executed all the while in iterative steady request. DSDM Dynamic Systems Development Method (DSDM) is a product advancement strategy initially dependent on the technique for quick application improvement. DSDM is a steady and iterative technique that centers around ceaseless client joint effort. Its will probably convey programming frameworks on time and as indicated by the monetary plans while altering for necessity changes alongside the advancement procedure. Among every single nimble approach DSDM is a major procedure of Agile Alliance. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DSDM ] RUP The Rational Unified Process (RUP) is an iterative programming advancement process system made by the Rational Software Corporation, a division of IBM since 2003[http://www.eweek.com/c/a/Desktops-and-Notebooks/IBM-Acquires-Rational/]. The RUP is a four-stage (beginning, elaboration, development, change), prescriptive procedure whose degree is programming advancement. The EUP stretches out the RUP to make it an undeniable IT process. The EUP includes two stages, creation and retirement. In addition to the fact that you need to create frameworks, you additionally need to run them underway and possibly even expel them from creation eventually. [The Object Primer, Third Edition,Scott W. Ambler 2004] Correlation In spite of the fact that there are numerous other dexterous approachs, for example, Feature Driven Development, ICONIX, PRINCE2, Lean Software Development and Crysatal however for the correlation of the exercises we have chosen four most utilized coordinated philosophies which incorporate Extreme Programming, SCRUM, DSDM and RUP. Extraordinary Programming is a progressive philosophy which centers around the cross utilitarian programming improvement process and tending to the center programming designing practices, for example, investigation, advancement and testing. It has XP a significant effect to the nature of the finished result. SCRUM is additionally a lithe structure, which centers mostly around how to oversee undertakings inside a cross practical group condition. Before AGILE there was a light weight technique called DSDM. At the point when Agile was conceived a considerable lot of the DSDM standards were coordinated in the deft improvement approach [http://www.agile-programming development.com/2007/02/10-things-you-have to-think about-agile.html] Arranging And Requirement Gathering In outrageous programming, so as to design an undertaking, we should know something about the necessities, yet we dont need to know without a doubt. For arranging purposes, we have to know just enough about a prerequisite to gauge it. In SCRUM same is being taken care of by Product Owner And Team commonly concurring on the advancement of the arranging of the things dependent on the item accumulation. In DSDM there is a different Elaboration stage to accumulate the necessity and plan the stages as needs be. RUP has an Inception Phase, Business process re-designing is a mind boggling attempt, and the RUP just gives strategies to business demonstrating, not for the supporting procedure. Assuming, in any case, the business procedure is basic or surely known, its conceivable that chip away at it might be attempted in the origin stage. If so, a progressively perplexing initiation stage will be required. [www.scribd.com/doc/41162/Planning-a-venture with-RUP] Determination Artifacts The experiments and code develop together in outrageous programming, with the experiments driving the code by a little portion subsequently; a total assortment of experiments develops alongside the code. These tests permit the developers to check whether the program works. Significant curios in SCRUM are Sprint build-up, Product Backlog, Sprint Burn down Charts. Item overabundance contains [Deemer.P and Benefield.G, SCRUM PRIMER, 2006] highlights (empower all clients to put book in shopping basket), improvement prerequisites (revamp the exchange preparing module to make it versatile), exploratory work (examine answers for accelerating charge card approval), also, known bugs (analyze and fix the request handling content blunders). DSDM has various antiques that are made and advances with the undertaking. These antiques incorporate Feasibility Reports, Non-Functional Requirements, Business necessities, Review meeting records, Systems Architecture Definition, Development Plan, Functional Model, Implementation Plan, Test records, User documentation, Project Review Document. In RUP Use case model, Supplementary prerequisites, Use case (Describes an assistance gave by the framework), User interface model (Simulates the UI, as characterized and testable by clients) Functional test (Tests the usefulness expected to meet a specific necessity), Development condition (Sets up the advancement condition and oversees changes to this condition) Progress To gauge the group progress in outrageous programming there is a directing group, record progress outline is utilized. SCRUM meeting, torch outline in SCRUM, Big noticeable diagrams in DSDM and in RUP characterized hotspots for venture markers. Characterized edges for the task markers. coding In outrageous programming Code is composed by sets of software engineers cooperating at a similar workstation. One individual from each pair drives the console and types the code. The jobs change as often as possible. In SCRUM same is finished by the ability And Commitment Of Team. In DSDM at first a Design Prototype is made which is tried by the client after the approval of Design the tried System is given over to the following stage. In RUP Coding is done on the bases of the accessible use cases, long use cases might be isolated in to a few emphasess [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DSDM#Stage_3:_Design_and_Build_Iteration http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RUP] Testing As examined before in outrageous programming All

The Cultural Competence Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Cultural Competence - Assignment Example Various South Vietnamese were escaping frantically in the wilderness to little vessels that were anticipated to take us to the place that is known for security and opportunity where we would in the long run call home. During that time of obscurity, I strolled along a desolate street with restricted family support as socially psychological wellness individuals like me were not perceived in the Vietnamese culture (Vaage et al., 2010). Issues are kept inside the family as opposed to being imparted to other people and an exterior frequently introduced to the general population to show a cheerful family life. At the point when the social work calling doesn't explain the issue of understanding my way of life, I would handily abuse the hindered bunches as a social specialist, for instance, the individuals who attempt to share their issues. This is because of the misconception of social contrasts. Any reasonable person would agree as a social specialist, I should increase social capability to comprehend people groups social contrasts and the effect of social treacheries on their prosperity and to go past race and ethnicity (Healy, 2000). By executing social consideration and as a social laborer, I can all the more successfully address social treachery issues looked by helpless individuals in our locale and tailor to the fitting needs of customers engaging them to live with nobility, regard, and qualities. Decent variety alludes to the qualities that make individuals unique in relation to one another. Such contrasts set in because of different social and phonetic foundations (Omoniyi and White, 2006). In Canberra, the various networks bring liveliness, advancement, new thoughts, monetary turn of events, assets, and maintainability. The Australian Census of Population and Housing is a wellspring of information about Australians and their social assorted variety. Registration completed in 2011 demonstrated that roughly a quarter (26 percent) of Australia’s occupants was conceived in different nations, and a further 20 percent had a normal one abroad conceived parent.â

The Benefits of Education :: Importance of Education

Training is as significant as the air we relax. It is the most significant belonging an individual must have. Instruction is useful in numerous part of life particularly, individual and social it is the main belonging that can't be detracted from you. Training is significant in light of the fact that it will open up the windows of chances. In this serious world having decent instruction is as significant as the air we inhale in light of the fact that it is our weapon to overcome the world. Instruction will enable you to develop as an individual in light of the fact that the more information you have the better understanding you will have in some random issue that will come your direction. It will give you smugness and will support your fearlessness. As an individual I realize it will help me in a great deal of viewpoints throughout my life. It will give me a money related soundness since I will have the option to find a great job and a lucrative pay. I will figure out how to go through my cash and will figure out how to contribute it astutely. The more training I have the more regard and affirmation I will get from individuals. Information is extremely significant that is the reason we have to pay attention to it. It is the solid weapon you can need to overcome this intricate world. In the event that you have decent instruction no one can trick you and you won't endure any abuse from individuals. It will give you a superior perspectives throughout everyday life in the event that you are accomplished. In the social part of my life instruction will give me a superior comprehension on the most proficient method to impart to individuals successfully. I will comprehend what's going on around me. For instance casting a ballot, I will have enough information to deliberately pick the up-and-comer I will decide in favor of. I will comprehend what to consider in picking the correct possibility to serve and ensure our nation. I will have the option to comprehend the social issues that our nation is confronting and will be able to help in my own little manner. In any case, it is obvious in this serious world that the greater part of the effective individual have the best possible instruction particularly the higher situation in the public eye they have demonstrated that training will give you the edge throughout everyday life.

Essay Writing: Summary Response Essay Topics

Essay Writing: Summary Response Essay TopicsWhen it comes to writing an assignment that involves writing for a class, many students might wonder whether there are any key summary response essay topics. Although there is a wide variety of topics to choose from, they all have one thing in common - a brief summary of the major points you want to make in your essay.Since there are no real rules for these essay topics, it is important to make sure you know the format and style that are appropriate to your course. Be sure to do some research on your topic before deciding on the topics to write about. You also need to consider how much work you will be able to find out on your topic.Some students think that topics to write about can be an easy way to get through the assignment. While this is not always the case, one of the best examples is on-line quizzes. These sorts of assignments will typically require students to take short online quizzes. By having a brief description of the topic of t he quiz, the students will be able to dig into it and help to improve their essays.Complete some research on the topic that you are going to write about so that you can avoid making errors or using a format that will not be effective. In most cases, you should write your essay on a topic that is interesting to you. However, for other students, an essay that is based on the subject matter of their course may not be a good idea.It is important to make sure that you will be able to cover the basic information that will help to set the tone of your essay. This information may include common facts about the subject, such as the name of the university or country that your school is in. However, your content should be enough to get across how you learned about the topic. For example, if you did not take a class in a particular field of study, the information needed for your essay may be missing.As a student, you will also want to consider how much time you have to devote to writing the ass ignment. If your schedule is not busy, you may want to consider writing about an area that is close to your heart. If you have enough time, you can also try writing about something that is related to the topic at hand.Keep in mind that you may be able to give more insight to the essay if you also include your personal interests. When you begin writing your essay, the summary response essay topics are ideal to help you get started.

Five Flavors of Dumb by Antony John - 1081 Words

I just recently finished reading Five Flavors of Dumb by: Antony John. John’s novel is a realistic fiction book that is about a girl finally finding out who she really is and what she s really made of. Despite the fact that Piper, the main protagonist, is deaf, she never gives up on what she believes in. The novel mainly focuses on the problems that a deaf Piper faces while trying to manage a rock band. Not only does the story project her problem dealing with the band, Dumb, but it also shows the challenges she has to face at home. Five Flavors of Dumb displays Piper’s struggles with her family in a great way. Piper and her baby sister, Grace, are the only ones who are deaf in their family until her parents give Grace an expensive†¦show more content†¦I guess what all these characters have in common is that they were all real and sincere and that you could find these traits and stories in everyday people. â€Å"Don’t worry about wanting to change; sta rt worrying when you don’t feel like changing anymore. And in the meantime, enjoy every version of yourself you ever meet, because not everybody who discovers their true identity likes what they find.† This has to be my most favorite quote that I ve seen in a novel before. It was just so profound and speaks to everyone that I couldn t help but like it. To me, it means that no matter what you’ll change and that you should enjoy these changes in yourself because sooner or later you’ll have to stop, and you may not like the way you end up. Five Flavors of Dumb is one of the greatest books I ve read; probably in my top five. It s interesting to see music through a deaf person. Like for instance, how she has to feel the beat of the music or how she has to read their lips to know what they are saying is quite cool. I liked how John was able to create writing that makes you feel like you are there with the characters experiencing all their problems and success. John made this story not seem like another boring coming of age story but a unique one with an amazing plot and characters with great back stories. After reading Five Flavors of Dumb, it

Analysis Of Scott Elliott s Case - 916 Words

Milburn Scott Elliott Deposition Milburn Scott Elliott is the sole owner of Elliott Construction. He is the father of Ben Elliott, the competent person on the job site on the date of the incident. He has a high school education and has worked in the construction industry for 30 years. Mr. Elliott has completed competent person training at least 2 or 3 times. As of May 2013, he had completed one competent person training, 4 or 5 years prior. Mr. Elliott is not a strong witness. He is unfamiliar with OSHA regulations, including OSHA regulations requiring consultation with a registered professional engineer when the excavation exceeded 20 feet. He is not familiar with tabulated data Mr. Elliott also admitted that he did not ask anyone from NTS to be there for the removal or ask for an instruction manual. He also didn’t get a trench safety plan, admitted to not complying with the requirements of the contract with the city of Bryan, and did not conduct an investigation after the incident. He did not know what ANSI was. He never reviewed the excavation policy. He does not know what NIOSH is. When they got the bid with the City of Bryan, they have to go through the contract processes, get bonds, go through city council, and have a preconstruction meeting with the â€Å"city guys†, inspectors, project managers, and probably an engineer. A term of the bid contract between Elliott Construction and the City of Bryan, was that they submit a trench safety plan. It wasn’tShow MoreRelatedEconomical Effect of Nigeria Health Systems on Health Outcomes2655 Words   |  11 Pagescoordinate issues that transcend national boundaries (World Health Organization, 2007). While the state ministry of health (SMOH) manage the secondary healthcare service and provide technical assistance to the local government in terms of referral cases and training of staff. The local government regulate and manage the primary healthcare service at each ward (World Health Organization, 2007). 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Allocation Rules for Airports in the United States of America

Question: Discuss about the Essay for Allocation Rules for Airports in the United States of America. Answer: 1). The Airport slot allocation process: The following steps are involved in the slot allocation process. 1). Initiation of Slot Trade Posting: One airline pledges a desire to trade slots and they may be Buying, Selling, Swapping, Leasing in or leasing out the slot (I.A.T.A, 2010). 2). Posting and Alerts: Once the slot post is agreed upon between the carrier and the airport, the parties receive alerts either via email or SMS thus ensuring the requirements are distributed effectively (F.A.A, 2016). 3). Expressions of Interest: Interested airlines must record an Expression of Interest (EOI) before the deadline which is a Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA). After exchanging NDAs between both parties, slot details, airlines are revealed, and the confidentiality of both are protected (F.A.A, 2011). 4). Agree Trade: The aforementioned processes are done on slottrade.aero and in this process, the airlines and airports enter into mutual discussions to agree on a trade. However, these discussions are not part of slottrade.aero and the parties take responsibility for undertaking their own due diligence inquiries as well as making appropriate contracts (Randt et al., 2015). 5). Complete Trade: If a contract is reached between both the airports and the airlines then a slot business is ratified with the airport control authority who confirms viability once the deal is termed possible (I.A.T.A, 2010). 2). Examining Pros and Cons of various candidate selection rules of the U.S Department of Transportation and Federal Aviation Administration: In this section, we will identify, explore, and analyse the candidate selection rules set by both the U.S Department of Transportation and the Federal Aviation Administration. We will also explore the pros and cons of each model implemented, recommended, and used by both. The Federal Aviation administration is the main body that oversees all rules, regulations, methodologies, functions and practices of airlines, airports, and all other issues pertaining to aviation. The U.S Department of Transportation is the parent agency of the Federal Aviation Administration and that rules of both the Federal Aviation Administration and the U.S. Department of Transportation have laid foundations of the rules and statutes of International Air Transport Association (IATA) (I.A.T.A, 2010 and F.A.A, 2016). U.S Department of Transportation airport slot allocation rules: Introduction: The U.S Department of Transportation was formed in 1965 on the recommendations of Najeeb Halaby to President Lyndon Johnson, who emphasised that transportation should be elevated to a more cabinet level privilege as he had expressed his frustrations with the continuous restrictions the U.S Department of Defence had put on air travel and transport (U.S Department of Transportation, 2016). The agencies working under the U.S Department of Transport are as under: Federal Aviation Administration (F.A.A). Federal Highway Administration (F.H.W.A). Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (F.M.C.S.A). Federal Railroad Administration (F.R.A). Federal Transit Administration (F.T.A). Maritime Administration (M.A.R.A.D). National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (N.H.T.S.A). Office of Inspector General (O.I.G). Office of the Secretary of Transportation (O.S.T). Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (P.H.M.S.A). Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation (S.L.S.D.C). Office of the Assistant Secretary for Research and Technology (O.S.T-R). Surface Transportation Board (S.T.B). The Federal Aviation Administration oversees all aviation related activities and reports directly to the U.S Department of Transportation. However, there have been widespread conflicting issues over the jurisdictional authority and rules of both (USA Today, 2015). U.S Department of Transportations model for Airport slots: The U.S Department of Transportation allocates slots as per the guidelines of International Air Transport Association (I.A.T.A) which are as under: Schedule facilitation should be based on process adjusting schedules in a common agreement between the airlines, airport and airport control authorities to avoid congestions and delays. The airport control authority should adjust the smallest number of operations by the least amount of time to avoid crossing the airport's synchronisation limits. The airline must advise the airport control authority of all planned flights and maintenance operations before operating the flight. Airlines should not intentionally operate services. Planned times are based on planned departure and arrival times. At times, the actual times may differ due to an array of operational factors. Standard Schedules Information Manual (SSIM) message exchange formats must be used for communications at level 2 airports. Calendar of Coordination Activities specifies deadlines of facilitation processes to be acted upon by both airlines, airports and other facilitators. All activities of facilitated operations are to be recorded in UTC time format. Pros and Cons of this model: Being the primary authority for transportation and transport control, the U.S Department of Transportations model is feasible in theory. It does guarantee airport tiers as well as tiers of operations and agreements with airlines and has granted exemptions to some airports and airlines as well (US Government Accountability Office, 2012). These controlled slots mechanism have helped many domestic airports in America reduce delays as well as relieving congestion of aircraft traffic at airports in harsh winter weather to ensure nonstop flights and reducing the traffic on major international airports as well (Wise, 2016). However, this model has also been criticised for the fact that it benefitted only small airlines and that airports of Washington D.C Metropolitan area, as well as those of New York metro area, were benefitted heavily. Furthermore, larger airlines such as American airlines as well as Delta airlines have used this model to hoard and even guard slots from smaller competing airlines (USA Today, 2015). Airport slot allocation rules of the Federal Aviation Administration: Introduction: The Federal Aviation Administration (F.A.A) is the national authority overseeing and regulating all characteristics of American civil aviation, be it building, operation and management of airfields, managing air traffic, authorization of employees and airliners and protecting American assets during the inauguration or re-entry of marketable space vehicles (Federal Aviation Administration, 2016). Its roles include modifying U.S commercial airspace and carriage, amending symmetrical and flight examination standards of air course-plotting accommodations, encouraging and developing civil aeronautics as well as aiding in developing new technologies, issuance, suspension and revoking certificates and licenses of pilots, regulating and promoting safety, researching and developing the national skies as well as civil aeronautics and lastly, developing and carrying out programs to control conservational impressions of civil aeronautics especially aircraft noise (Federal Aviation Administration , 2011). The F.A.A Model for slot allocation: The Federal Aviation Administrations model is slightly similar to the model based on IATAs framework and also resembles the model set by the US Department of Transport but the workings are different. The postulates of the model are as under: 1). Registration for slot allocation: The F.A.A holds that new and incumbent airlines with total slot holdings standing below 5 percent at domestic airports and those who do not have any code sharing agreements with their intended airports may participate in the reallocation of slots at the respective airports they intend to operate in as well (Federal Aviation Administration, 2016). These eligible airlines are advised to register themselves on F.A.As portal as well as emailing their applications to the F.A.A as well. They should keep in mind that they cannot submit joint bids with an airline and that only individual bids are accepted and the registering airlines must state that whether they are individual airlines or have merged with other large airlines as well as mentioning that they are subsidiaries of larger airlines (Federal Aviation Administration, 2011). 2). Slot Bundles: Each airport has its own bundle of slots as well as an asking bid price for those slots. Example of such is specified below for New Yorks La Guardia (LGA) Airport: (Wensveen, 2011). 3). Bidding on slot bundles: In order to acquire a slot, the airlines must be registered bidders and must submit their bids in cash during the bidding period. Also, they can also submit more than one bid during the bidding process and that the F.A.A will interpret the newest acknowledged offer as that particular buyers concluding bid. When emailing their bids, airlines should include the airports name and slot allocation purpose in the emails subject line by mentioning Buyer identification number, slot bundle, preferred rank and price of the bid (Federal Aviation Administration, 2011). However, The F.A.A will reject emails and bids that do not contain complete information. Bids are effective when they are received and withdrawal is not permitted by the F.A.A. Also, the F.A.A will post all information regarding the bids on their board and website (Federal Aviation Administration, 2016). 4). Completing slot reallocation transactions: The F.A.A will notify both divesting airlines as well as those who won the bids for each package of the winning offer and interact with them for completing the necessary payments. Also, both the divesting airline and the bid winner enter into an obligatory settlement with regards to the auction of the dissociated spots in 5 functioning days after the day of announcement of the completion of the offer. Consequently, the F.A.A expects airlines to notify them of their entry into binding agreements of the sports via email certifying that only distribution would be or exchanged for the slots (Federal Aviation Administration, 2011). 5). Posting Bid Information and Queries: When the F.A.A has received the notice of the obligatory agreement, it posts the notification of the persuasive bid and identity of the bid winner accordingly. It will also post all other information regarding the bids and their respective bidders. It is also unlikely that no submissions are received for a specific slot parcel as such would then revert back to the F.A.A and notice for such will also be posted if no bids are made. The airlines are also at liberty to contact F.A.A to resolve any issues and queries regarding such (Federal Aviation Administration, 2011). Pros and Cons of this model: This model is comprehensively used by most airlines around the U.S.A in terms of domestic traffic and domestic flights as the Federal Aviation Administration of the U.S.A is the leading body of aviation monitoring and development (U.S Government Accountability Office, 2012). This model provides a comprehensive structure of bidding for airlines and invites all sorts of airlines, albeit with some restrictions in order to ensure competition remains intact and that no unfair bidding practices are practised by large airlines and their subsidiaries (Sanchez et al., 2015). However, this model has been criticised for being too relaxed and not allowing bidding for international slots as well as compared to the model provided by the U.S Department of Transport (Hatford et al., 2015). Furthermore, the F.A.As total monopolistic control over the aviation market as well as conflicting rules and regulations in excessive cases have been observed and many airlines have expressed concern over whether the F.A.A is the supreme controlling authority or the U.S Department of Transportation and that many large airlines argue that the F.A.A just admits too many low-cost carriers at U.S Domestic Airports (USA Today, 2015). Recommendation of the best model: The U.S Department of Transport is the parent body of the Federal Aviation Administration and caters to a wide array of transportation bodies and networks. It also has the rights and duties of overseeing the aviation sector but often depends on reports provided by the Federal Aviation Administration (Halford et al., 2015). Both the U.S Department of Transport and the Federal Aviation Administration were the brainchildren of Najeeb Halaby, former U.S Secretary of Transport and administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration as well and He was also instrumental in expanding the influence of both the U.S Department of Transport and Federal Aviation Administration in worldwide aviation (Randt et al., 2015). The Federal Aviation Administration is not only the chief aviation body of the U.S.A but also its model is the best one suited to the U.S market. It not only keeps the slots in check but keeps the prices regulated as well. It also ensures competition and fair trade, maintains che ck and balance on airline formation, keeps regulations and amendments in place to ensure timely prevention of unfair practices by low cost carriers and their larger carriers and ensures wellbeing of American aircraft manufacturers as well (F.A.A, 2016). The British model of airport slot management is different as The British Civil Aviation does not have total control on all airports. London Luton, Heathrow and Gatwick airports have been privatised and are currently under control of ACL which also manages Dubai International Airport (West, 2016). The F.A.As model is different as the airports are not only under state and regional control but also airports are national assets and they shall remain under control of the state as it is in the best interests of the state and is strongly preferred by the U.S Department of Defense to keep all American Transport hubs and ports under U.S control (U.S Government Accountability Office, 2015). The model provided by the F.A.A is as comprehensive as the U.S Department of Transports model as they both are exactly alike. The fact is that, in effective management, delegation is the key. When the F.A.A is in place, there is no need for the U.S Department of Transport to completely interfere in its activities unless and until its necessary and that the U.S Department of Transport keeps a check and balance in F.A.As reporting and activities (U.S Department of Transport, 2016). Since the U.S Department of Transport needs a body to check aviation and airport systems effectively as well as protecting American airlines from Foreign competition, the Federal Aviation Administration is the key to such and has effectively handled all aviation activities since its inception. Najeeb Halaby was wise in the creation of the U.S Department of Transport and the Federal Aviation Administration which further indicate the efficiencies of both bodies. Despite hindrances, both bodies have worked exce ptionally well and continue to do so (Wise, 2016). Outcomes of the model provided by the F.A.A: The Federal Aviation Administration was conceived before the U.S Department of Transport in 1958 and was merged with the Department of Transport under Najeeb Halabys recommendation to U.S President Lyndon Johnson in 1967. The Federal Aviation Administration worked under the department of defence of the U.S.A and has the sole responsibility for researching, developing, managing, maintaining and enhancing the American civil aviation (Randt et al., 2015). The Federal Aviation Administration also reviews and amends the bidding processes for slots across all airports in the United States of America and has jurisdictions in overseas American territories as well. The Federal Aviation Administration also works with airliner manufacturers as well as their parts manufacturers as well as the airport controllers and municipalities in determining the kind of aircraft best suited to the airports and the routes needs (Wensveen, 2011). The F.A.A has also allowed fair competition in the American Avia tion market giving many small and medium sized airlines as well as low-cost carriers considerable breathing space in terms of business and has also helped them in obtaining slots (West, 2016). Implications of Inaction and Inability to act upon the F.A.As model: First Scenario: We assume the U.S Department of Transport has the sole authority and proceeds as it deems necessary. However, we will see a monopoly of airlines at domestic airports meaning that there wont be a balanced approach and that large airliners and their subsidiaries will be occupying the slots at American domestic airports and that low-cost carriers will be forced out of business. In order to avoid such scenario, the U.S Department of Transport delegated all aviation related duties to the Federal Aviation Administration (F.A.A) (USA Today, 2015). Second Scenario: We assume the U.S Federal Aviation Administration (F.A.A) has total control and that the Federal Aviation Administration does not report regularly to the U.S Department of Transport. In this case, the prices of slots will not only rise but will also fall without check and balance, and furthermore, American carriers may risk losing out to even smaller carriers as well as foreign carriers. Protecting national interests and keeping check and balance is a must (Federal Aviation Administration, 2016). Third Scenario: We assume both the U.S Department of Transport and the Federal Aviation Administration perform renewals after every 5 years. Renewing after every 5 years may not be possible for the aviation industry as the industry has not only seen a slump but also that there have been mergers among airline firms worldwide. Furthermore, the American domestic airline and flight market is a strong one and that which is heavily protected and that both F.A.A and U.S Department of Transport need to be on their toes to see whether amendments need to be made in the rules and agreements or not (Wise, 2016). References Federal Aviation Administration (F.A.A) (2011) Procedures for the Reallocation (auction) of slots at Ronald Reagan Washington national airport and LaGuardia airport. Available at: https://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/agc/ReAllocation/media/Reallocation_Procedures.pdf (Accessed: 22 October 2016). Federal Aviation Administration (F.A.A) (2016) Federal aviation administration. Available at: https://www.faa.gov/ (Accessed: 22 October 2016). Halford, C.D., Goglia, J.J. and Stolzer, A.J. (2015) Implementing Safety Management Systems in Aviation. London, United Kingdom: Ashgate Publishing. International Air Transport Association (IATA) (2010) Airport slots - the building blocks of air travel. Available at: https://airlines.iata.org/analysis/airport-slots-the-building-blocks-of-air-travel (Accessed: 22 October 2016). Randt, N.P., Jessberger, C., Pltner, K. and Becker, A. (2015) Air traffic growth, energy, and the environment 2040: Drivers, challenges, and opportunities for aviation, International Journal of Aviation Management, 2(3/4), p. 144. Doi: 10.1504/ijam.2015.072377. Sweet, K.M. (2008) Aviation and airport security: Terrorism and safety concerns, Second edition. 2nd edn. Boca Raton: Taylor Francis. Snchez, D., Naumann, J., Porter, N. and Knowles, A. (2015) Current Issues in Aviation Noise Management: A Non-Acoustic Factors Perspective, ICSV22, pp. 1216. U.S. Government Accountability Office (2012) Slot-Controlled Airports: FAAs rules could be improved to enhance competition and use of available capacity. Available at: https://www.gao.gov/assets/650/648219.pdf (Accessed: 22 October 2016). United States Department of Transportation (2016) Aviation. Available at: https://www.transportation.gov/aviation (Accessed: 22 October 2016). USA Today (2015) Airlines argue over rules restricting access to NYC airports. Available at: https://www.usatoday.com/story/travel/flights/2015/06/18/faa-slots-new-york-airports-jfk-laguardia-newark-american-delta-united-virgin-southwest-allegiant/28872069/ (Accessed: 22 October 2016). Wensveen, J.G. (2011) Air transportation: A management perspective. 7th edn. Farnham, United Kingdom: Ashgate Publishing. Wise, B. (2016) Safety risk management principles from the federal aviation administration, in Residents Handbook of Medical Quality and Safety. Springer Nature, pp. 1720.

Brazil Economic Development and Conserve the Environment

Introduction Brazil is the second, fifth-largest country in the world geographically and in terms of population. In this view, Brazil epitomizes on the ongoing global tension pitying biodiversity preservation against sustainable agricultural practices and economic growth.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Brazil Economic Development and Conserve the Environment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to current statistics, Brazil is a critical emerging economic power, which has a GDP of US$6040 billion and a GDP per capita of US$326.21 billion in 2004 (European Commission, 2007). The country’s environment is one of the richest in the world because of not only flora and fauna, but also because of its ecosystems, which contain an excess of 15 % of the plant and animal species known to botanists (Saxena, 2005). The country is the source of water, and also a water table of up to 12% of the availabl e freshwater worldwide Brazil is also undoubtedly one of the leading producers of food and biofuels in Latin America and globally (Ferreira, Pardini, Metzger, Fonseca, Pompeu, Sparovek, Louzada, 2012). To maintain the trend of food production, the country should try to institute measures that aim at reducing the negative effects of poor farming methods, while improving farming practices. Therefore, this paper discusses how sustainable and productive agricultural practices can be used to promote economic development and conserve the environment, and thus prevent the occurrence of vicious cycle in Brazil. Component One Vicious cycle is an agricultural problem that is facing Brazil. Ascher and Healy (1990) used this concept to demonstrate the complex interrelationships among four critical facets of socio-physical production, which are economic production, distribution of income, natural resources, and the environment. Concerning the explanation of the relationship between economic dev elopment and environmental conservation, it is clear that industrial production is the level, source, and composition of goods, and services generated by the economy at any point in time among the four facets of production. The four facets of production include functional distribution, size distribution among recipients of different levels of income, distribution of in-kind income such as government services or gratifications from an environmental quality, as well as regional income distribution.Advertising Looking for critical writing on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Available literature demonstrates that such facets of production have adverse impacts on biodiversity and the conservation of ecosystems in the country (Jain, 1998). Hence, the policymakers should incorporate environmental conservation measures into agricultural development to enhance optimization of agricultural production. Component Two In spite of the issue of vicious cycle, Brazil is on the verge of achieving long-term economic development because of effective exploitation of natural resources. According to European Commission (2007), â€Å"the dense tropical rainforest of the Amazon, the important biomes of the Savannah-like Cerrado, the arid scrublands of the Caatinga, the Pampas, and the wetlands of the Pantanal† are some of the natural resources endowed to Brazil (p. 11). Given that agricultural exports comprise about 28% of total exports, the government has prioritized agriculture as an important economic activity. However, massive deforestation, use of pesticides, application of fertilizers, and use of other agricultural chemicals threatens productivity (Ferreira, et al., 2012, p. 536). On this basis, poor agricultural practices have the capacity to ignite and perpetuate vicious cycle. Component Three Additionally, it emerges that the urge to achieve sustained economic development has catapulted pol icymakers into availing huge tracts of previously virgin land for cultivation aimed at increasing agricultural yield. Although a sizeable proportion of farmers are employing modern practices to increase acreage and agricultural output, many are still using poisonous pesticides and farming practices that contribute substantially to soil erosion and degradation. Vladas (2008) argues that policymakers in Brazil should realize that another vicious cycle between economic development and income distribution could occur in the near future as long as farmers in the North East regions of the country continue to use harmful farming practices. Consequently, one can suggest that a vicious cycle between economic development and environmental degradation has already startedAdvertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Brazil Economic Development and Conserve the Environment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Component Four In the Brazilian context, it is evident that attempts by the government and other stakeholders to enhance the country’s economic development through agricultural expansion have continued to generate a multiple environmental externalities. The government should encourage farmers to employ environmental conservation practices such as reduction of biological diversity, prevention of soil erosion in rural farming areas, conservation of watershed and natural resources, and prevention of soil and habitat degradation. Farmers should also be included in the process of implementing the environment conservation policies and good farming methods since they are the prime stakeholders in the field of agriculture (Clement, 2005). Therefore, the country must introduce conservation measures and ensure their implementation by the farmers as well as other players in the agricultural industry. Vicious Cycle The way forward for environmental policymakers in Brazil, therefore, is to put in place strong institutional policies for managing resources and ensuring the long-term sustainability of the agricultural sector. Water (2008) argues that the government, in conjunction with relevant stakeholders, must act promptly to break the vicious cycle between economic development and environmental degradation by coming up with educational and awareness programs targeting farmers who use inferior farming methods to enhance their agricultural output. Additionally, it is imperative for the government to develop clear management objectives and implementation of existing policies effectively (Carneiro Danton, 2011). Development and implementation of appropriate agricultural policies are central to sustainability of productive agriculture and in prevention of the vicious cycle in agricultural sector. Conclusion For Brazil to achieve economic development, it has to embrace the policies of environmental conservation and implement them effectively. Since agriculture is the backbone of the country ’s economy, it essential to improve productivity in a sustainable manner to support the livelihoods of farmers in Brazil.Advertising Looking for critical writing on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is noteworthy that the success of these environmental conservation measures is highly dependent on the extent to which stakeholders encourage farmers to practice good farming practices. Owing to laxity in the implementation of conservation policies results in the continuation of harmful and destructive methods of farming that are detrimental to the sustainability of the environment, and thus resulting in vicious cycle. References Ascher. W., Healy, R.G. (1990). Natural resource policymaking in developing countries: Environment, economic growth, and income distribution. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press. Carneiro, J., Danton, T. (2011). Agriculture and biodiversity in the Brazilian social Sciences: A possible state of the art scenario innovation. The European Journal of Social Science, 24(3), 225-246. Clement, A. (2005). The economics of a safe minimum standard of conservation. The  American Journal of Agriculture, 60(24), 10-18. European Commission (2007). Country strategy paper 2007-2013. Web. Ferreira, J., Pardini, R., Metzger, J.P., Fonseca, C.R., Pompeu, P.S., Sparovek, G., Louzada, J. (2012). Towards environmentally sustainable agriculture in Brazil: Challenges and opportunities for applied ecological research. Journal of Applied Ecology, 2(1), 1-23. Jain, C. (1998). Agricultural Intensification by Smallholders in the Western Brazilian Amazon. Journal of Regional Science, 15(2), 55-60. Saxena, D. (2005). Agricultural development in Uttah. The Geographer, 32(1), 20-28. Vladas, G. (2008). Conservation of Environment. Journal of Environmental Physiology  23(1), 21-32 Walter, C. (2008). Overview of India’s Agricultural Economy. Asia Pacific Development  Journal, 10(2), 15-20. This critical writing on Brazil Economic Development and Conserve the Environment was written and submitted by user Shania S. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Street Crime essays

Street Crime essays Is Street Crime More Harmful than White Collar Crime? By general definition, a crime is a wronging, proclaimed by law against society. All acts of disobeying the law are crimes. Be it an assault or embezzlement one has committed a wrong. Yet we have learned values and morals from our surroundings which gave us concepts of the degree of harm pertaining to a particular crime. From our being submerged in a culture, our concept of crime is usually that of a physical one. We as a society, generally conjure images of a personal assault on oneself when defining the concept of a crime. Very rarely would ones first connotation of crime be of an executive of a large firm stealing money from the business. We as a society, generally define our concepts by our surroundings. Society is more frequently exposed to street crimes. It is very rare that a day goes by that we do not learn a murder, physical attack or robbery through the media. Those so called street crimes effect our neighborhoods and society everyday. Those crimes are contrib uting to the destruction of society, our cities, our streets. The street crime is the most harmful of crimes, it is responsible for the disintegration of society as we know it. To demonstrate the harm caused by society by street crime, one has to look no further than to inner city neighborhoods. Street crimes are responsible for injuries, death, sexual assaults and the loss of personal property through force. They can also be attributed to the decline of local business and the drop in education and pride in ones communities as well. In the lower economic neighborhoods, many resort to crime for financial reasons. Members of the community sell drugs or rob as means of support. These deviants do not inflict these crimes on neighborhoods other than their own. This is the major reason why street crime is so harmful. The members of society through their illegal actions are destroying society. ...

The Role of Germany in European Affairs between 1862 and 1900 Essay

The Role of Germany in European Affairs between 1862 and 1900 - Essay Example The destabilization in Europe took place mainly because of the several conflicts between the neighboring European countries. The Franco Prussian War which began in 1970 and ended the following year is very significant when it comes to analyzing the role of Germany in European affairs between 1862 and 1900. The Prussians wanted to suppress the weaker states and wanted a new German state. Chancellor Otto von Bismarck spearheaded three really important wars, Denmark, Austria were comprehensively defeated by the Prussians in 1864. The big moment for the Prussians came in the year 1871 when they managed to defeat France. The Prussians were so powerful that the French army just could not contain them; the French were defeated and not only defeated but also humiliated. This was how a unified Germany came into being. Germany would not have been the same had the Prussians not attacked Austria, Denmark and France in 1864 and 1871 respectively. Otto von Bismarck once very famously said â€Å"T he great questions of the day will not be settled by means of speeches and majority decisions but by iron and blood.† (Otto von Bismarck)   The unification of Germany was complete; Austria was not included in the unification. The French were comprehensively beaten and this called for revenge. The French were desperate to avenge their defeat. France had also lost territory during war and they were also made to pay a whopping compensation by the Prussians. The revanche movement kicked started in France, it was a political movement with an agenda of putting the newly unified country in its place. Ogden Nash once said â€Å"Now, anybody whom a  German  hates, He presently exterminates, But he who exterminates a French Is never safe from Gallic revenge, But he who gets even with a  German  Is obliterated like a vermin† (German Quotes) Germany wanted to further strengthen itself and in an endeavor to do so it started locking horns with established colonial powers. G ermany and Britain were at loggerheads in the year 1896. German Kaiser ridiculed the Jameson Raid and the same offended the British beyond the wildest of one’s imagination. A telegram was sent by Germany which was somehow intercepted by the British media and this caused wild uproar in Britain. The British took to the streets to protest against the German authorities who wrote the telegram. Weltpolitik was one of Germany’s policies; even this policy was largely responsible for creating a huge drift between the Germans and the British. Robert MacDonald once very famously said â€Å"One  German  makes a philosopher, two a public meeting, three a war.† (German Quotes) The first naval law by Germany was passed by Admiral von Tirpitz, he wanted Germany to have a really strong Navy. â€Å"The son of a civil servant, Tirpitz signed up with the Prussian Navy in 1865 as a midshipman, attending the Kiel Naval School; he subsequently received his commission in 1869.   Tirpitz went on to serve as commander of a torpedo flotilla and subsequently inspector general of the torpedo fleet, during which time he developed a keen interest in the potentialities of submarines in wartime.† (First World War) There were 17 naval ships built by Germany in seven years, these developments made caused panic and shockwaves in Britain. Britain knew that it had to do something to combat

The identities shaped by online games -- World of Warcraft Dissertation

The identities shaped by online games -- World of Warcraft - Dissertation Example The emergence of online identities is not a completely new concept. People have been creating public identities with the purpose of achieving goals throughout human existence (Wallen 1998, p. 52). However, the nature of the online persona is somewhat unique in that it is done with the intention of representing an ‘otherness’ through character and skills that would not be possible in the real world. Exploring the nature of this creation provides for a greater understanding of the concept of identity. Watslawik and Born (2007, p. 2) state that â€Å"ego psychoanalytical theory places the individual within a more or less nurturing social context, as contrast with the more confrontive view of classical theory wherein the individual is seen more as contesting society†. The nature of human interaction, according to Erikson’s theory, is in finding communities in which nurture is the primary benefit. While an individual seeks a community in which shared values and beliefs are experienced, or in the case of game play, shared goals, eventually it is the sense of nurture that is built that will provide the attraction to a community (Watslawik and Born 2007). The following literature review will focus on the identity as it is positioned in an online environment as a created and semi-controlled entity. This will be discussed through the created and controlled aspect, as well as how that control is not complete as the social dynamic and the real life characteristics begin to come through to the online identity. Avatar as it Becomes Part of the Community Individual and the Avatar The nature of identity is the result of a tension between conformity and individuality. In seeking to find an identity, the individual must find a position between these two oppositional forces in order to find both acceptance and individuation. This phenomenon creates an internal conflict within which the individual seeks to find a sense of self and the acceptance of self by the community (Jackson 1984, p. 203). Through following group norms, the individual seeks to find positive interaction within the context of group identification and personal differentiation. The sense of self is defined through social identities that are evolved through group behaviours and attitudes, with the individual identity evolving through perceptions and evaluations of social situations (Korostelina 2007, p. 36). Human existence has been framed through the formation of identity within the concept of race. According to Smedley (1998), the concept of race as an identifying factor has only emerged since the 17th century. Before that time culture and kinship were the ways in which people were grouped. Where in the past, occupation and city of origin identified an individual in a ethnic way, the idea of physical differences having the power to inform the identity is relatively new. In the game of World of Warcraft, actual species differences are developed in which race become s a very important aspect of the identity of the character (Hammer and Kellner 2009, p. 597). In choosing a race, the player makes the initial step towards creating an association within the game. However,

Town Supports Homeless Assault Victim Essay Example for Free

Town Supports Homeless Assault Victim Essay Bob Wirtz is a well-known homeless man in the town of Reynoldsburg, Ohio who has lived on the streets since 1979. One night, he was resting on his usual corner when he was attacked from behind while lying in a sleeping bag. His face was reported to be smashed and beaten like that of a pumpkin on concrete. No one has been arrested due to the little evidence the police had to go on. Residents of the town found out about this tragic event and it inspired them to do something very special. The community raised three-thousand dollars to bay for Bob’s reconstructive facial surgery. Citizens of Reynoldsburg hope they can take it one step further and help get Bob off the streets by finding him a home. (Moriarty) I believe this attack on Bob Wirtz was a perfect example of the wrongdoing being done to homeless people all over America. Not always is a beating the case; more often than not a homeless person is simply being taken advantage of, which is wrong. To strike a defenseless man down while he is sleeping is not only unfair but is extremely immoral. This leads me to believe that the person was either impaired or he had some kind of grudge on Bob Wirtz or homeless people in general. I also believe that the legal system in Reynoldsburg should do everything they can to find and apprehend the person or people that are guilty of attacking Bob. Though there is a bright spot in this town. The fact that the community would donate three-thousand dollars to this homeless man is a step in the right direction and sets a fine example for other cities. Look more:Â  satire essay examples essay Both modern day society’s view on homeless people and the donation of money to a poor homeless man support my opinion on the situation. Modern day society’s view on homeless people is that they are dirty bums who have nothing better to do in life than to sit on the street and beg for money. This is wrong in that many homeless people do in fact have jobs. Unfortunately, they are just temporarily out of a home and have not yet accumulated enough money to buy one. The donation of money to a poor homeless man supports my opinion because it encourages other communities to reach out and do the same. I believe myself and Mordecai, from The Street Lawyer would have handled the situation in similar ways. My first course of action would be to seek out the person or people who assaulted this defenseless homeless man. Next, though the sum of three-thousand dollars is a good start, I would have pushed for more donations. Finally, I would use the money to buy this homeless man a suitable home because I feel like he is much safer off of the streets. First, I believe Mordecai would have inspired the legal system to make a push for finding the suspects. He probably would have gone about this by constantly pushing and reminding them to complete this task because he is a very knaggy individual who does not take no for an answer. When this was completed Mordecai would see to it that, above all else, justice was done. Though very similar tasks were completed Mordecai and I have a very different way of going about things.

Extremism Revealed in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown :: Young Goodman Brown YGB

Extremism Revealed in Young Goodman Brown Hawthorne depicts a 17th century Puritan attempting to reach justification as Brown’s faith required. Upon completing his journey, however, Brown could not confront the terrors of evil in his heart and chose to reject all of society. Puritan justification was a topic Hawthorne was aware of as a journey to hell necessary for a moral man. Having referred to the heart of man as hell, Puritans founds themselves in the midst of Satan and his multitude of devils as he established his kingdom in man’s heart. This was a dreadful revelation that caused Brown to grow bitter and distrustful. Puritan communities, secured by their orthodox faith, dealt with the ungodly wilderness around them. Set in Salem during the early witchcraft day of then, Young Goodman Brown’s experience in the dark, evil forest correlated and would have been recognized by Puritans as a symbol of mistrust of their own corrupt hearts and faculties. Just as man could not trust the shadows and figures he saw hidden in the forest, he could not trust his own desires. Those desires had to be tested through his journey into the forest. Those evil spirits constantly tortured the Puritan, constantly reminding him of his sin and the battle in his own heart. Hawthorne used the presence of this demon in "Young Goodman Brown" by demonstrating, through Brown, the Puritan Journey towards Justification. Going through the forest towards Justification was marked by the disappearance of the self. In place of the self, was the awareness of helplessness and the illusions of sin. This awareness would then assist the moral man to no longer depend upon material things or people, but to put his faith solely upon God . Hawthorne’s knowledge of the historical background of Puritanism combined with the personal experience of his early life and the history of his own family merge into the statement that "Young Goodman Brown" makes. A system in which individuals cannot trust themselves, their neighbors, their instructors or even their ministers cannot create and atmosphere where faith exists. Hawthorne’s tale places the newly wed Puritan Brown upon the road to what may or may not be a true conversion experience. The conversion experience, a sudden realization brought about by divine intervention, a vision, or perhaps a dream, easily translates into the dream of Hawthorne’s work and allows the author to use Puritan doctrine and the history of Salem to argue the merits and consequences of such a belief.

Excel Logistics Case Essay

Purpose To introduce participants to the supply chain concept and to the effects decisions along the chain have on inventory levels and costs. Introduction In this game the retailer sells cases of beer to a consumer and orders cases of beer from the wholesaler; the wholesaler sells cases of beer to the retailer and orders cases of beer from the distributor; and the distributor sells cases of beer to the wholesaler and orders beer from the factory (brewery). The factory brews the beer. The beer supply chain is shown below: Players of the game each take on a different role in the supply chain. The roles are the Factory, Distributor, Wholesaler and Retailer. Each position is directly linked, and beer cannot skip the adjacent position. For example, the Wholesaler orders beer from the Distributor, and ships beer to the Retailer. An important consideration in making decisions is the delay in the movement of beer through the supply chain. It takes three periods to move an order of beer between each player in the supply chain. If during period 3 the Wholesaler decides to ship 10 cases of beer to the Retailer, the beer would take periods 4 and 5 to move to the Retailer and then would be available for sale by the Retailer at the beginning of period 6. Similarly, orders are not visible to the upstream player for one period. For example, if the Wholesaler places an order in period 3, the order is received by the Distributor at the beginning of period 4. For each period of play, every participant follows the same cycle: 1. The system is updated by your instructor where new orders and shipments are received, shipments enroute are advanced, and inventory levels and backorder positions are calculated (these tasks are done automatically by the server program. 2. The player updates the status screen and reviews current position. 3. A shipping decision is made according to new orders and backlog, subject to inventory availability, 4. An ordering decision is made for more beer. There are only two costs involved in this simplified version of a logistics  supply chain: inventory holding cost ($1.00/case/period) and back order costs ($2.00/case/period). Each team has the goal of minimizing the sum of these costs by balancing the cost of having inventory (inventory holding cost) with the cost of being out of inventory when a customer orders beer (back order cost). The server program keeps track of the costs incurred by each team. At the end of the game, the total game cost for the distribution system is the sum of the four individual participants’ total costs (retailer cost + wholesaler cost + distributor cost + factory cost). The goal is to minimize team costs. Action The game begins with a fully-loaded â€Å"pipeline† of cases of beer: – 16 cases of inventory in each position’s â€Å"current inventory,† – 4 cases in each of the â€Å"production delay† pipeline, – 4 cases in each of the â€Å"shipping delay† pipeline, – each position has an initial order for 4 cases of beer. Definitions The following terms are used in the status report: Current Demand – This is the demand for the current period at this position. For the Retailer, this demand is determined by an external demand stream. For all other positions, this demand reflects an order placed by the downstream position in the supply chain during the previous period. Backorder – This is the demand that has not been met to date at this position. When a position does not meet demand by shipping cases of beer, the backorder amount is increased. This amount does not include the demand during the current period. Current Shipment – This is the amount that is being shipped to the downstream position during the current period. After the ordering and shipping decisions have been made, the â€Å"status† button can be used to update the status report. The status report will reflect the current order and shipment decisions. Remember that after the instructor has updated the system, the â€Å"statu s† button should be pressed again to receive a report that reflects the execution of the decisions for the previous period. On Hand – This is the current amount in inventory at the position. This is the total amount that can be shipped this period from this position. Due Next Period – This is the number of units that are scheduled to arrive at this position next period. Due In Two Periods – This is the number of units that are scheduled to arrive in two periods. Current Order Release – This is the number of units that are being ordered from the upstream position. The  upstream position will not see this order until after the system has been updated to the next period. Inventory Cost – This is the cumulative inventory cost for this position. This is calculated from the actual inventory balance at the end of each simulated period. During the update process, the system first ships material to the downstream position, updates the cumulative inventory and backorder costs based on the inventory and backorder levels, and then receives new material into the position. Backorder Cost – This is the cumulative backorder cost for the position. Tot al Cost – This is the total cumulative cost for the position.

Low Paying Jobs - 1700 Words

Novenka Gregoire 12/06/12 Based on the essay â€Å"Selling and Minnesota† I believe that low paying jobs have a negative effect on a person’s personality. In addition, I think that low paying job is an opportunity, on the other hand a barrier of achieving success and a finer future. Mostly, low paying jobs is an opportunity for teenagers. In the U.S, teenagers could start working at the age sixteen, so I think it’s really fantastic that you don’t need to depend on your parents for everything, and you can even help them financially. At the same time, low paying jobs could be a burden, it could stop you from accomplishing your dreams and goals, and also from a successful life. I believe that low paying jobs have a negative effect on†¦show more content†¦First they changed her shift hours without knowing, it seems there’s a lack of respect and communications between the managers and the employees. She seems very depressed when she says: â€Å"But then somewhere around 6:00 or 7:00, when the desire to sit down becomes a serious craving, a Dr. Jekyll/Mr. Hyde transformation sets in†. It means that she hates the fact that she’s suffering to sit down and it’s just feels like a torture. And she continues: â€Å"I cannot ignore the fact that it’s the customer’s sloppiness and idle whims that make me bend and crouch and run. They are the shoppers, I am the antishopper, whose goal is to make it look as if they’d never been in the store. At this point â€Å"aggressive hospitality â€Å"gives way to aggressive hostility†. She was complaining about the customers, and starting to have a feeling of re sentment toward the customers. Many teenagers with or without a high school diploma are mistaken, they usually think they can depend on these types of jobs in the future, some don’t even go to school because they have a full-time job and they only making $200 per week. They believe this job could provide with all theirs needs in the future. Based on Barbara‘s experience, it shows that they are making a huge mistake, not only they will have a miserable job for the rest of their life, but from what I believe, it will stop them from having a better future .For instance, My best friend, Monique graduated from high school with a diploma . She started goingShow MoreRelatedThe Lives Of Minimum Wage Workers1427 Words   |  6 PagesAs an investigative approach to study the lives of minimum wage workers, journalist Barbara Ehrenreich conducted this research by assuming multiple low paid positions herself. Her essential goal for this study was to determine how low paid workers survive on their income. She beg an her adjustment to the working class lifestyle by establishing regulations for herself to eliminate any advantages from her real life that could alleviate her throughout the process. 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She sets some ground rules for herself, such as always having a car, and starting out with a certain amount of money for her down payment on an apartment. Although the rules are doable, she admits that she broke all of the rules at least once. Even though Barbara didn t hold to herRead MoreGender Inequality Within The United States1686 Words   |  7 Pagespoorly paid jobs;women have to take care of children; and women can t manage to take on a full time job. This reasons hide the true cause of the pay gap which is sexism. One main reason the difference in wages between gender is still an issue is because women tend to pick â€Å"pink-collar† jobs. 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