Essay on Journalism

Essay on Journalism

Essay The Theme of Blindness in King Lear - 926 Words

The Theme of Blindness in King Lear In the tragedy King Lear, the term blindness has an entirely different meaning. It is not a physical flaw, but the inability of the characters to see a person for whom they truly are. They can only read what is presented to them on the surface. King Lear, Gloucester and Albany are three prime examples characters who suffered most by having this flaw. Lear was by far the blindest of the three. Because Lear was the King, one would expect him to have superb reasoning skills, but his lack of insight kept him from making wise choices. This is the flaw that led to his downfall. Lears first big mistake was letting himself be fooled by Regan and Goneril, and giving them his throne. For they did not†¦show more content†¦As the play progressed Lears sanity went downhill, but his vision became clearer. When Goneril and Regan would not provide him with shelter during a furious storm, Lear realized that they were the daughters who did not love him. He also began to understand the words of Cordelia from the beginning of the play, he realized that she loved him too much to put into words. When Lear and Cordelia finally reunited near the end of the play, Lear expressed his sorrow for what he had done. You must bear with me, I pray you now, forget and forgive:/ I am old an foolish. ( 4, 7. 82 ) But it was too late, Lears rashness and inability to see clearly had already cost him, and Cordelia their lives. Lear was not the only character to suffer from blindness, Gloucester too, had lack of insight. He could not see the goodness of his son Edgar, and the wickedness of Edmund. A forged letter was the only evidence needed to convince Gloucester that Edgar was plotting to kill him. Immediately after reading the letter Gloucester screams in a rage; O villain, villain! His very opinion in the/ letter! Abhorred villain! Unatural, delested, brutish/ villain! Worse than brutish! Go, sirrah, seek him; Ill/ apprehend him. Abominable villain! Where is he? (1, 2. 75-78 ) He did not even stop to consider if Edgar were capable of doing such a thing. Ironically, it is not until Gloucester loses his physical sight, when his vision becomes clear. He finds out that it wasShow MoreRelatedTheme Of Blindness In King Lear1046 Words   |  5 Pages Blindness; there is a number of ways that someone could be blinded such as, blinded by love, by ambition, or by beliefs and traditions, there is also just plain old blindness, the inability to see. With these causes of blindness a great deal of chaos could be sprung up. The theme of blindness is intertwined within the theme of chaos in the play King Lear by William Shakespeare which ultimately leads people to their demise. King Lear’s own blindness and desire for flattery from his daughters leadRead More King Lear - Theme of Blindness Essay846 Words   |  4 PagesKing Lear - Theme of Blindness In Shakespearean terms, blinds means a whole different thing. Blindness can normally be defined as the inability of the eye to see, but according to Shakespeare, blindness is not a physical quality, but a mental flaw some people possess. Shakespeare’s most dominant theme in his play King Lear is that of blindness. King Lear, Gloucester, and Albany are three prime examples Shakespeare incorporates this theme into. Each of these character’s blindness was the primaryRead MoreTheme Of Blindness In King Lear1576 Words   |  7 PagesThe term blindness is defined as the state or condition of being unable to see. In Shakespeare, it is described as blindly placing trust in people and the mental flaws they possess. Blindness is quite symbolic as it is seen through the characters of Lear, Gloucester and Albany. Lear is blinded by Goneril and Regan’s treachery. Gloucester’s blindness is more literal when his eye were plucked out by Cornwall. He is unable to see the goodness in Edgar and the evil in Edmund. Albany is blinded from theRead MoreEssay on The Theme of Blindness in King Lear by William Shakespeare862 Words   |  4 PagesThe Theme of Blindness in King Lear by William Shakespeare Shakespeares King Lear tells of the tragedies of two families. At the head of each family is a father who cannot see his children for what they are. Both fathers are lacking in perceptiveness, so the stories of the two families run parallel to each other. In Lears case, two of his daughters fool him into believing their lies. Lear shuts out his third daughter because she cannot her love into words the way he wants her to. GloucesterRead MoreA Consideration of the Way Shakespeare Presents and Develops the Theme of Blindness in King Lear1563 Words   |  7 PagesDevelops the Theme of Blindness in King Lear Introduction ============ Throughout ‘King Lear’, Shakespeare uses the play’s characters to make judgements on society using blindness as a metaphor that runs through the play. He does this in a number of ways portraying characters that can be fooled by others’ flattery, or are easily manipulated or deceived, or simply have a lack of wisdom. As well as the horrific physical blinding of Gloucester, blindness is used asRead MoreSight and Blindness in King Lear1615 Words   |  7 PagesSight and Blindness in King Lear In King Lear, the recurring images of sight and blindness associated with the characters of Lear and Gloucester illustrate the theme of self-knowledge and consciousness that exist in the play. These classic tropes are inverted in King Lear, producing a situation in which those with healthy eyes are ignorant of what is going on around them, and those without vision appear to see the clearest. While Lears blindness is one which is metaphorical, the blindness of GloucesterRead MoreBlindness Of King Lear By William Shakespeare1077 Words   |  5 PagesENG4U March-9- 2015 How is the theme of blindness explored in King Lear? The play King Lear, written by William Shakespeare, the theme of blindness is clearly illustrated in the characters of King Lear and Gloucester. Both characters are blind to the truth because of their unwariness and poor judgment of character. These two characters refused to see the truth about the ones that are loyal to them. This type of blindness in this play is mental. Mental blindness can also be described refusingRead More Sight and Blindness in Shakespeares King Lear - Lack of Vision1477 Words   |  6 PagesSight and Blindness in King Lear      Ã‚  Ã‚   In King Lear, the recurring images of sight and blindness associated with the characters of Lear and Gloucester illustrate the theme of self-knowledge and consciousness that exist in the play.    These classic tropes are inverted in King Lear, producing a situation in which those with healthy eyes are ignorant of what is going on around them, and those without vision appear to see the clearest. While Lears blindness is one which is metaphoricalRead MoreKing Lear by William Shakespeare803 Words   |  3 PagesBlindness is a theme that we see throughout King Lear in many characters including King Lear, Gloucester and Albany. Although blindness is a theme it is also a psychological metaphor and can be defined as not having sight.2 Shakespeare forces us to see that being blind is a mental flaw just as much as it is a physical flaw. Lear is not only metaphorically blind but is also blind toward nastiness and loyalty . We see Gloucester’s blindness in more literal terms as he is literally blind but he canRead More Blindness and Sight - Lack of Insight in King Lear Essays1082 Words   |  5 PagesBlindness as Lack of Insight in King Lear   Ã‚  Ã‚   Blindness can normally be defined as the inability of the eye to see, but according to Shakespeare, blindness is not only a physical impairment, but also a mental flaw some people possess.   Shakespeares most dominant theme in his play King Lear is that of blindness.   King Lear, Gloucester, and Albany are three characters through which Shakespeare portrays his theme of mental blindness, that blindness which was the primary cause of their poor

Managing Human Resources for Business Process Outsourcing Industry

Question: Discuss about the Managing Human Resources in BPO. Answer: Introduction The recruitment procedure of a corporation includes different parts such as attracting talented applicants, selecting the right candidate and appointing them according to their qualification.The achievement of a recruitment process depends upon the turnover of employees. In various industries, corporations face different recruitment challenges. Modern organisations face challenges regarding diversity, age gap, employees attitude, high expenses, retention and demand of labour. These problems affect the recruitment procedure of a company which adversely influence its development. This report will focus on Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) industry, and the challenges faced by BPO organisations. Further, the report will provide various human resource management strategies to address these issues. The report will also include various theories given by different experts. Business Process Outsourcing Industry Business process outsourcing is a corporate strategy implemented by various organisations; it includes contracting or outsourcing the non-primary corporate actions to third-party corporations. According to Kuruvilla Ranganathan (2010), the non-primary activities include various secondary tasks such as human resource management, IT department, customer support, payrolls or call center facilities. International organisations outsource their business to countries such as India, Thailand, China or Philippines. There are various reasons for which a corporation outsources their business such as it reduces the cost of operations, professional workforce, better productivity and low-cost employees. As per Caniglia, Ramachandran Khanna (2005), the BPO industry faces various challenges such as a change in government regulations, the attitude of employees, security breaches, underestimating the expenses or bad reputation. Challenges in Recruitment Procedure The companies which provide BPO services face various problems while recruiting new employees. Following are few of the aspects which affect the hiring process of a corporation. High Demand Low Supply In BPO industry, the rate of development is significantly high, which require firms to hire talented employees. As per Liu Nagurney (2013), due to the globalisation, the demand for talented employees has raised considerably in past few decades. Every human resource department prefers to hire only the talented employee, but the number of talented employees is low in BPO industry. Most of the BPO organisations are situated in developing countries such as India, Malaysia or Thailand. The corporations choose these countries because they have a high number of employees who work at lower rates than compared to developed countries. But, most of those employees do not have proper knowledge of working in a BPO industry, due to lack of literacy rates, under development in technology and low economy. To fulfill the demand for skilled employees the supply is not sufficient, therefore, companies are required to pay high salaries to attract talented employees. While recruiting the employees, human resource department faces difficulty in the situation (Whitaker, Mithas Krishnan 2010). Organisational Image of BPO Companies The reputation of BPO corporations is low in countries such as India because the working hours are high and the pay grade is low. To attract potential talented candidates for recruitment, the companies are requiring maintaining a positive image in between public. Most of the people who are working in BPO industry did not prefer to work in them. Therefore, the number of employee turnover is significantly high in BPO sector (Ghodeswar Vaidyanathan 2008). Diversity and Age Gap Problems While recruiting new employees, human resource department faces issues regarding diversity and age of candidates. Farndale, Scullion, Sparrow (2010) provided that the BPO organisation did not prefer to hire elder employees because they did not have the technical knowledge and their productivity is also low. The maximum number of employees in BPO sector is young or adults which reduces the options for HR department because people do not prefer to work for a BPO. In case of gender, the discrimination between male and females is considerably high in BPO sector. There is just 35 percent of women workers in BPO industry and companies. Most of the company did not hire female employees because they have a problem regarding night shift and other family issues. Unqualified Workers Most of the BPO companies are present in Asian countries such as India, China, and Malaysia. According to Mehta, Armenakis, Mehta Irani (2006), these countries are facing issues relating to illiteracy and poor quality of education. A worker who works in BPO companies does not possess basic skills such as operating a computer or speaking English. The degrees provided by candidates are usually not authentic, their skills do not match with their qualifications, and they failed to understand most of the tactics and strategies made by top level management. Unskilled labour creates various kinds of problems for an organisation and their human resource department. Human resource department has to put more efforts in hiring an appropriate candidate; they have to make a lengthy selection prices in order to hire a correct candidate. Competition for Other Companies BPO industry has seen remarkable in past few decades and growth opportunity for an employee is significantly high in this sector. Lacity, Solomon, Yan Willcocks (2011) provided that growth opportunity for an employee is considerably high therefore employees prefer to switch to other companies for better benefits. Manu domestic firms are incorporating every day in countries like India. They have the capability to poach employees from successful enterprises that create continuous challenges for human resource department of an enterprise. Retention of Employees In BPO industry, there is the significantly high rate of employees turnover. As per Schweyer (2010), most of the organisations failed to retain their employees due to several reasons and every month BPO corporations faces absenteeism of workers around 10 percent. The employees usually change their companies to get better incentives or salaries, most of the talented employees get high salary offers from competitive companies. Organisations are required to provide better benefits and salary packages to their employees for retaining them in the company. The success of recruitment procedure depends upon the retention of employees which is difficult to achieve by the human resource department (Nadkarni Hermann 2010). Recommendations There are various human resource management policies that can implement by the BPO corporations to address the challenges faced by their human resource department in recruitment procedure. Following are few of such strategies which assist the organisations in improving their recruitment procedure. Training the Employees To address the issues regarding fulfillment of talented employees demands, corporations can implement organisational training strategy. As per Halvey Melby (2007), training in the organisational environment is a business strategy that is adopted by companies to face the challenge of lack of talented employees. BPO companies have the option of providing on the job or off job training to their employees. Training strategy can also assist in filling up the age gab in BPO sector. By providing proper training, BPO corporations can hire employees of old age as well. Williamson (2008) provided that before providing training to their employees, the company should prepare a contract between the employee and the corporation which forces an employee to work for a certain time in the organisation after receiving the training. This strategy will assist corporations in reducing their employees turnover rates. The BPO enterprises can improve their organisational image in public by providing training facility to their employees. Positive Culture and Diversity Policy Diversity issues and negative culture is one of the main reasons for bad recruitment procedure of a BPO company. As per Handley Benton (2009), the corporations should implement strict regulations regarding a cooperative work culture which makes diversity an integral part of the business. The top-level management should promote a diverse culture in the organisation by establishing various policies regarding employees behaviour. The company should provide cab facility, accommodations, and security services to female workers to increase the number of female employees in BPO sector. The corporations should establish different programs to appoint older employees in the company. The organisational environment should be positive which will attract talented employees in the enterprise. After recruiting similarly qualified employees, both employees should receive similar growth opportunities. The management should punish workers for discriminating the employees based on their caste, religion, age or gender. After implementing such strategies, human resource management can leverage them to attract talented employees (Mani, Barua Whinston 2006). Incentive Schemes BPO sector mostly consists of low or medium level employees which can be attracted by efficient incentive schemes. Bhatnager (2007) provided that the pay grade in BPO industry is considerably low which causes problems for human resource management in recruitment procedure. Most people do not prefer to work for BPO sector due to its low pay grade and minimum incentive. For attracting talented and skilled employees, the companies should provide better benefit packages their employees. The corporations should also provide better growth opportunities to candidates who will motivate them in joining the corporations. High salary packages and better incentive schemes can improve the retention rate of employees in the organisation (Budhwar, Luthar, Bhatnagar 2006). Conclusion In conclusion, there are various factors in BPO industry which adversely affects the recruitment procedure of an organisation. The human resource department faces challenges such as the low supply of talented employees, negative image of BPO sector, diversity challenges, completion between companies and unqualified workers. A poor recruitment process can adversely influence the development of a corporation. To address such changes, businesses can implement various human resource managers policies. The organisation can provide training to their employees who will improve their skill and productivity. The diversity issues can be addressed by establishing strict regulations regarding discrimination against female workers. By proving better salary packages and incentives, a corporation can improve their retention rates. BPO enterprises should implement these strategies to improve their recruitment process and sustain their future growth. References Bhatnagar, J. (2007). Talent management strategy of employee engagement in Indian ITES employees: key to retention.Employee relations,29(6), 640-663. Budhwar, P. S., Luthar, H. K., Bhatnagar, J. (2006). The dynamics of HRM systems in Indian BPO firms.Journal of Labor Research,27(3), 339. Caniglia, J., Ramachandran, K., Khanna, V. (2005).U.S. Patent Application No. 11/159,819. Farndale, E., Scullion, H., Sparrow, P. (2010). The role of the corporate HR function in global talent management.Journal of world business,45(2), 161-168. Ghodeswar, B., Vaidyanathan, J. (2008). Business process outsourcing: an approach to gain access to world-class capabilities.Business process management journal,14(1), 23-38. Halvey, J. K., Melby, B. M. (2007).Business process outsourcing: Process, strategies, and contracts. John Wiley Sons. Handley, S. M., Benton, W. C. (2009). Unlocking the business outsourcing process model.Journal of operations management,27(5), 344-361. Kuruvilla, S., Ranganathan, A. (2010). Globalisation and outsourcing: confronting new human resource challenges in India's business process outsourcing industry.Industrial Relations Journal,41(2), 136-153. Lacity, M. C., Solomon, S., Yan, A., Willcocks, L. P. (2011). Business process outsourcing studies: a critical review and research directions.Journal of information technology,26(4), 221-258. Liu, Z., Nagurney, A. (2013). Supply chain networks with global outsourcing and quick-response production under demand and cost uncertainty.Annals of Operations Research,208(1), 251-289. Mani, D., Barua, A., Whinston, A. B. (2006). Successfully governing business process outsourcing relationships.MIS Quarterly Executive,5(1). Mehta, A., Armenakis, A., Mehta, N., Irani, F. (2006). Challenges and opportunities of business process outsourcing in India.Journal of Labor Research,27(3), 323-338. Nadkarni, S., Herrmann, P. O. L. (2010). CEO personality, strategic flexibility, and firm performance: The case of the Indian business process outsourcing industry.Academy of Management Journal,53(5), 1050-1073. Schweyer, A. (2010).Talent management systems: Best practices in technology solutions for recruitment, retention and workforce planning. John Wiley Sons. Whitaker, J., Mithas, S., Krishnan, M. S. (2010). Organizational learning and capabilities for onshore and offshore business process outsourcing.Journal of Management Information Systems,27(3), 11-42. Williamson, O. E. (2008). Outsourcing: Transaction cost economics and supply chain management.Journal of supply chain management,44(2), 5-16.

Organizattional Commitment and Communication free essay sample

This paper will focus on the American Red Cross as it relates to organizational commitment and communication. Leadership styles will affect communication in this organization. There are many different sources of power that affects group and organizational communication within the American Red Cross. Many motivational theories can be useful and definitely helpful within the culture of this organization. Communication is one of the key components of these theories. There is a high level of commitment that is necessary in the workforce of the organization, as well as dependence of communication in the organization. All these factors play a key role in the overall influence of group and organizational communication. Organizational Commitment and Communication at American Red Cross According to www. redcross. org, the American Red Cross responds to nearly 70,000 disasters a year. This organization definitely shows a level of organizational commitment. Employees are excited in knowing that the services that the organization delivers are assisting and making lives better each day. The American Red Cross is dedicated in bringing together a distinct group of employees as well as volunteers that reflect the society that is helped, and those who offer their loving support. Organizational commitment and communication in the American Red Cross are determined by many key factors such as: leadership styles, sources of power, organizational culture, motivational theories, and commitment of the workforce. Leadership Styles Leadership involves the process of determining others behavior in order to accomplish a specific goal. Leadership styles may differ based on organizational structure, people, environment, and responsibility (Regan Ghobadian, 2004). The leadership styles that the organization uses tend to be based on the attitudes of the individual about workers, competence, and how to get the task done. There are three main styles of leadership: authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire leadership. First, authoritarian leadership involves orders being given to workers informing them of how a job is to be done. Communication is a one way process from leaders to workers. Workers are not involved in decision-making. There seems to be a high level of productivity as long as the leader is present, but fails when the leader is not around (Kuhn Poole, 2006). Second, democratic leadership occurs when the leader discusses things over with the group before any decisions are made. Team input is encouraged. Plans are shared and multiple options are made. In this type of leadership, communication is a two-way process. The productivity is high and does not drop when the leader is absent (Kuhn Poole, 2006). Third, laissez-faire leadership occurs when leaders do not do much in the group. Leaders assist by request. There tends to be a lack of support by the leader toward the group members. A very poor level of communication takes place in this type of leadership. An extremely low level of productivity is present out of all leadership styles (Kuhn Poole, 2006). Power and Sources of Power Power is the qualities that an individual may use to get others to do what must be done or what an individual wants. One reality of power in American Red Cross is that individuals have a need for it. The disputes of power are based on degree and intention; whether an individual has a high or low need of power, and whether the need is more personal or organizational (Alanazi Rodrigues, 2003). The overall reality of power should be wisely accepted because of the importance it plays in enabling an individual to contribute effectively to the organization. The five bases of power are: coercive, legitimate, reward, referent, and expert. First, coercive power lies in the tendency of a manager to force an employee to agree with a request by threat of punishment. This leads to a lack of commitment and general employee withdrawal. Therefore, there is a decrease in the productivity and creativity of the organization (French Raven, 2000). Second, legitimate power lies in confidence among employees that managers have the power to give orders due to his or her position. For example, at the scene of a crime, people tend to agree with orders of police based on confidence of the rights that police have to give orders. At American Red Cross, employees may agree based on legitimate power; however, they may not show a sense of commitment and cooperation. Third, reward power lies on the manager giving an incentive to employees. These incentives can range from money to improved work schedules. One problem associated with incentives for power is the chance that incentives will distract employee’s attention away from their jobs and concentrate their attention on the incentives held before them (Alanazi Rodrigues, 2003). Fourth, referent power lies on employees respect for a manager and their desire to connect with him or her. The manager tends to lead by example. This type of power depends strongly on trust. One common mistake in using this power in cross cultural situations; however, is misunderstanding the way in which employees identify their superiors. Fifth, expert power lies on the belief that employees have a great amount of knowledge and skills. For example, an equipment repair person comes into CEO office to fix a piece of machinery. No doubt exists that the CEO outranks the repair person; however, the CEO is likely to listen to the orders of the repair person in order to get the machine working. Expertise often decreases in this type of power. The manager’s power is less effective over a period of time, and the organization’s effectiveness decreases. Therefore, the solution is that the manager’s power becomes less or that the manager purposefully decides not to distribute his or her knowledge of skills to other employees (French Raven, 2000). Affects of Power on Group and Organizational Communication Individuals within the American Red Cross with a chain of command desire to communicate their wants and expectations with their supervisors to show that no matter what the superior’s controlling basis of power, face-to face interaction is the desired method of communication. Ineffective communication can lead to misunderstanding, incorrect strategies, and frustration (Mohr Nevin, 1990). Organizational Culture and Motivational Theories Culture helps individuals have meaningful relationships because of the customs, roles, rituals, and laws that are created and shared. Motivation is the strength behind an individual’s decision to adhere to or not adhere to certain acts or behaviors. When employees are happy with their work environment, the improvement of an assignment, and the participation of rewards, they will have a joyful behavior. This will cause employees to be more sensitive to communication with managers, co-workers, clients, and customers. In the expectancy theory, behaviors are produced by the expectance of rewards and the understood values of the results. The five principles of this theory are: 1. people have reason for what they do, 2. whatever people choose to do, they do it to gain something they believe is good for them, 3. whatever goal people choose must be seen as attainable, 4. the conditions under which the job is done can affect its value to employees or their expectation of success, and 5. manager can increase the value of the goal, employee’s expectations of reaching it, and enhance the situation surrounding the performance (Frey Osterloh, 2000). The second theory deals with the relationship between management and leadership. In order for managers to relate well with their employees, they must be aware of their individual styles of leadership. One way managers can do this is with the managerial grid. The grid shows the relationship of a managers concern for production contrary to his or her concern for people. The concern for production focuses on the quantity and the quality of work spent on the services or product that the organization is producing. Concern for people focuses on creating positive interactions with people, increasing self-esteem of employees and making a kind and accepting environment. The third theory is employee empowerment. This gives employees better decision-making control over their work assignments. In order to accomplish empowerment, managers must look at the differences between job content and job context. Job content refers to work necessary in carrying out the job. Job context deals with reasons for doing the job and ways the job applies to the mission and goals of the organization. The final theory is the principles of supportive relationships. This theory focus on the factors that explain positive interactions and the maintenance of an individuals self worth (Frey Osterloh, 2000). Communication plays an important role in motivational theories. Communication must be a two-way process, so an enabling environment can give an individual what he or she needs. If a manager is able to communicate their ideas effectively, so that employees know what is asked of them, performing their jobs will not be a problem. The atmosphere of the organization must be encouraging so employees realize how important communication is to each staff member personally, and to the organization in general. Cozzens Monger, 1992). Commitment of Workforce The commitment of the workforce to the American Red Cross is to help save lives. When disaster strikes, a response for food, shelter, and hope is needed. When barriers of distance, language, and warfare separates loved ones, the lines of communication must be open. When families, co-workers and communit ies have to prepare for emergencies assistance in action is necessary. Some communication tools that are used in American Red Cross are: television, newspaper, radio, bulletin boards, organizational newsletters and interpersonal communication. The workforce helps to deliver messages effectively and consistently in both crisis and non-crisis situations in ways that serve the American Red Cross’s mission, vision, goals and reputation. Members will create an increase in awareness, acknowledgement and understanding of the organization. Therefore, this will allow members to serve as mediators between the organization and the public to provide and increase level of understanding and communication within the organization. Conclusion Once the organization understands how leadership styles, sources of power, motivational theories, and the commitment of the workforce affects group and organizational communication, efficiency can be accomplished. Therefore, the awareness of the American Red Cross organizational commitment and communication is necessary for growth.

A view of the value of certain characters an Example of the Topic Government and Law Essays by

A view of the value of certain characters Written communication occupies a great part of peoples professional and personal lives. With the spread of the Internet, its importance has only increased. At the same time, writing often becomes more casual and neglects the rules that were previously cast in stone. This is also true of punctuation that is often regarded as a superfluous element of written documents. In my opinion, however, the correct use of punctuation is as important as grammar, good wording, and style. Need essay sample on "A view of the value of certain characters" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed To see why one needs punctuation, it makes sense to ask: What is the purpose of writing? In most cases, it is to convey some thoughts and information to the reader, accomplishing a certain purpose. Professor E. Wertheim of Northeastern University notes that "as the technical content of our exchanges rise, so does the need for precision". This precision is created by a sound combination of grammar, style, and lexicon, but it can also be promoted with the help of punctuation. Thus, the symbols ( and ) help single out a part of the text that is not directly embedded in the sentence, but is closely related to it. The ' and ' symbols help the author point out information that is different from the rest of words by attaching a special meaning to it. Finally, the quotation and exclamation marks help writers convey their emotions. Without these signs, the reader would be lost, and a lot of information that is succinctly and conveniently placed in this format would be missing. The value of the characters described above also lies in the economy of space they allow. But for the exclamation mark, the author would be forced to use additional comments to make the idea stronger or emphasize it. As it happens, however, this sign permits expression of emotion in a short, universally acceptable format. The same refers to brackets: without them, joining ideas to each other would require more effort as people would be forced to take time to explain why this and that word belong together. Punctuation saves time and effort. In a sense, it is a language within a language, comprehensible to all educated users of written language and conveying additional meanings. For these reasons, the use of punctuation is going to persist in modern English. It is unlikely that writers of fiction will give up such an excellent way of making their statements more appealing to the general audience and adding new overtones to their sentences. Punctuation and the meaning of specific symbols can undergo a change; however, this change will not detract from the value of symbols. One can expect that they will remain in use as a powerful way to make a strong statement even stronger. References Peck, F. (1996). Punctuation. Retrieved July 5, 2006, from http://www.arts.uottawa.ca/writcent/hypergrammar/punct.html Wertheim, E. (n.d.). Guide for Written Communication.

Women and Unions

Women and Unions The reason why it represents the matter of crucial importance for the unions to seek into organizing the unorganized is that by doing it, unions increase the extent of their own bargaining power – hence, ensuring their continuous existence.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Women and Unions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Even though that unorganized workers may appear utterly powerless and unprivileged, the fact that they are being represented in great numbers implies their potential to exert a powerful influence onto the very essence of socio-economic dynamics in a particular society. According to Lee (2007): â€Å"As working-class interests are organized and channeled into political arenas, citizens are provided more realistic sets of political alter ­natives, which drive heated contests between political forces seeking electoral power† (p. 592). Nowadays, the validity of an earlier statement appear s particularly self-evident, because due to an ongoing introduction of technology into just about every sphere of industrial manufacturing and commerce, commonly referred to as ‘post-industrialization’, the representatives of a working class continue to grow progressively underpowered, in social sense of this word. Even as far back as in early eighties, Gorz (1982) was able to define the subtleties of such a tendency with perfect clarity: â€Å"Workers no longer ‘produce’ society through the mediation of the relations of production; instead the machinery of social production as a whole produces ‘work’ and imposes it in a random way upon random, interchangeable individuals† (p. 71). The reading of Reiter’s (1986) article, will confirm the full validity of Gorz’s insight. According to the author, the fact Burger King’s employment strategy is being closely associated with high turnover rate among workers does not even s lightly undermine the extent of company’s overall competitiveness. On the contrary – it is namely because King Burger can well afford replacing employees with new ones, due to high standardization of work-related procedures (just about anyone can be trained to flip burgers within the matter of minutes) and due to the abundance of an unskilled workforce (newly arrived immigrants from Third World countries), which provides this company with the strong competitive edge: â€Å"Since the motion of the factory proceeds from the machinery and not from the worker, working personnel can continually be replaced.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Frequent change in workers will not disrupt the labor process a shift in organization applauded† (p. 312). Just as it used to be the case during the era of ‘classical capitalism’, today’s large commercial companies that feature high automatization of manufacturing processes, deliberately strive to ‘atomize’ employees so that they would not be able to unite, while pursuing some common professional agenda. And, an ongoing process of Western economies becoming increasingly technology-intensive and service-oriented (Globalization) helps corporate employers rather substantially in their attempts to disfranchise the very notion of workers’ solidarity. As it was pointed out by Ebbinghaus and Jelle Visser (1999): â€Å"The transition from an industrial to a service economy erodes the basis for union organization (p. 141). Given the fact that in very near future, the demand for low-skilled labor would virtually cease to exist, it will create objective preconditions for millions and millions of people to be left without even a formal source of income. Yet, once organized into unions, even low-skilled workers will realize themselves capable to effectively oppose corporate g reediness. After all, it does not represent much of a challenge to break a single tree-branch. However, many of such branches, binded into a bundle, would prove quite impossible to break. One of the major challenges, experienced by women who seek unionizing, is the fact that very often; employers refuse to recognize them as professional employers, in full sense of this word. This especially appears to be the case in Third World countries, where there is an acute lack of legislations, meant to ensure women’s civil rights. In her article, Datta (2003) provides us with the example of how India’s governmental authorities brush aside the very idea that working women should be referred to as ‘workers’ per se:Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Women and Unions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More â€Å"When†¦ 600 (female) garment workers approached the Labor Commissioner of Gujarat to register th e garment workers union, the Commissioner did not recognize them as workers; they were simply women, who stayed ‘home and stitched garments’† (p. 354). It goes without saying, of course, that governmental authorities resort to rationale-driven reasoning, while justifying their often strongly defined unwillingness to recognize that fact that women are being just as valuable of employees as men are. For example, it is being commonly suggested that, during the course of their menstrual periods, women become utterly irrational and therefore, unsuited for executing particularly demanding professional duties. This, however, does not conceal the fact that this kind of reasoning, behind women’s employment-related dehumanization, derives out of men’s deep-seated sense of sexism. In fact, this can be well referred to as another major obstacle, on the way of women’s union-movement. In her article, where she elaborates onto gradual transformation of Justi ce for Janitors (J4J) union from essentially men-governed body into organization where women are being more or less equally represented among its policy-makers, Cranford (2007) points out to the fact that women-janitors never ceased experiencing subtle sexism, on the part of their male coworkers and simultaneously J4J members. According to the author, even though women played rather major role, while participating in J4J-sponsored rallies against an unfair treatment of janitors in L.A., they have been rarely given an opportunity to take part in designing union’s policies: â€Å"There was no overt exclusion of or direct discrimination toward women entering more formal positions (in J4J) but neither was there a concerted effort to bring (female) janitors into formal leadership positions and this absence of leadership development had gendered effects† (p. 367).Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, it comes as not a particular surprise that, until recently, J4J paid little attention towards protecting the interests of women-janitors. Two other unionization-related major challenges, experienced by women, can be defined as unions’ reluctance to recognize childrearing as productive work and the lack of education, on the part of many informal female workers. As it was pointed out by Cranford in the article, from which we have already quoted: â€Å"Mens wage earning in the public realm of production is valued and visibly contributes to the familys reproduction while womens reproductive work of caring for children and housework is unpaid† (p. 363). This is the reason why it is specifically socially underprivileged male workers (especially those temporarily unemployed), who benefit the most from social assistance programs. According to Glass and Beth (1997): â€Å"US welfare state has been fashioned around direct provision of services to families with heads unable to secure employment† (p. 291). As a result, low-skilled female employees are being put is clearly disadvantageous position, as compared to what it is being the case with their male counterparts. And, as it appears from Datta’s article, it is namely the fact that many such female employees in Third World countries lack even basic education, which contributes rather significantly towards their inability to realize a simple fact that, by indulging in childrearing activities, they prove themselves being quite as productive members of society as informal male workers. After all, the popular perception of employed mothers often implies that the fact that they have to take care of children undermines their professional adequacy. Nevertheless, as soon as such women attain basic literacy, they become increasingly aware of what constitutes their constitutionally guaranteed rights and freedoms at workplace, which naturally predisposes them towards adopting an active stance , while addressing their unionization-related anxieties. There can be little doubt as to the fact that the experiences of organizing informal workers in India, or immigrant janitors in the United States, outlined in Cranford and Datta’s articles, do provide lessons as to how unions can adopt new strategies that will increase women’s trade union participation. For example, as it was shown by Cranford, although women often lack formal power to actively partake in unionizing, they nevertheless posses plenty of an informal one. The reason for this is simple – unlike what it is being the case with most men, women tend to assess unionization-related challenges as being closely related to what they perceive as ‘family issues’. And, given the fact that, when it comes to ensuring family’s well-being, it is women who end up wearing pants, in allegorical sense of this word, this provides them with an effective tool for leveraging dynamics within a parti cular union – thus, becoming active players in the process of low-skilled workers’ unionization. Another important lesson, learned from reading earlier mentioned articles, is the fact that, in order for more and more women to be willing to join trade unions and to be considered eligible for unions’ membership, they should never cease educating themselves about what the concept of empowerment stands for. The reason for this is simple – after having gained an awareness of this concept’s actual meaning, and after having affiliated themselves with empowerment-facilitating activities, women will be more like to adopt a proper stance, while dealing with work-related challenges. For example, as it was shown by Datta, Indian female street-vendors used to be initially harassed by police for bribes. And yet, after they joined Self-Employed Women Association (SEWA), and consequentially began exerting political influence, as the body of highly organized worker s, the problem with police demanding bribes became substantially less acute: â€Å"SEWA organizers have surveyed women who were subjected to such extortion, held meetings in the presence of the police superintendent, and ensured that the women vendors were not harassed anymore† (p. 356). In other words, women workers are being more then capable of protecting their interests. However, in order for them to be able to do this, they would have to get rid of an inferiority complex, imposed by male-chauvinistic society. After all, the process of women’s empowerment is consistent with dialectically predetermined laws of history. As it was pointed out by Bergquist (1993): â€Å"The history of women workers struggle for control over the way they work is replete with clues to a different, more democratic and sustainable, vision of human progress† (p. 764). Therefore, even though that, while struggling to unionize, female workers continue to be opposed by the number of cou nter-progressive forces, there are good reasons to believe that eventually, working women will be able to reach the full spectrum of their objectives, in this respect. References Bergquist, C. (1993). Labor history and its challenges: Confessions of a Latin  Americanist. The American Historical Review, 98(3), 757-764. Cranford, C. J. (2007). Constructing union motherhood: Gender and social  reproduction in the Los Angeles Justice for Janitors movement. Qualitative  Sociology, 30(4), 361-381. Datta, R. (2003). From development to empowerment: The self-employed  womens association in India. International Journal of Politics, Culture and  Society, 16(3), 351-368. Ebbinghaus, B. Visser, J. (1999). When institutions matter: Union growth and  decline in Western Europe, 1950-1995. European Sociological Review, 15(2),  135-158. Glass, J. Beth, S. (1997). The family responsive workplace. Annual Review of  Sociology, 23, 289-313. Gorz, Andre. (1982). Farewell to the Working Class. Boston: Pluto Press. Lee, C. (2007). Labor unions and good governance: A cross-national,  comparative analysis. American Sociological Review, 72(4), 585-609. Reiter, E. (1986). Life in a fast-food factory. In C. Heron R. Storey (Eds.), On  the job: Confronting the labour process in Canada (pp. 309-326). Kingston  and Montreal: McGill-Queens University Press.

Love- Spare Time Equipment Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Love- Spare Time Equipment - Case Study Example n brands of small pleasure boats, outboard motor, snowmobiles, jet skis, a line of trailer and pickup-truck campers, and recently, a line of lawn mowers, tractors and trimmers. Despite being in operation for two years, the business has been reflecting break-even in financial performance. Recently, there was an offer by a producer of mountain bikes to include this among the products he offers. In this regard, the case requires an evaluation of Mark Zimmerman’s overall strategy, including the appropriate decision for the mountain bike offer. The strengths in Zimmerman’s strategy lie in focusing on the theme of personal service, manifesting a friendly, service-oriented atmosphere and stance. Further, since the business carries exclusive brands that are not offered by other competitors within a five-mile radius; except for the recently added lawn mower equipment, he exhibits competitive advantage for his core products over those of his competitors. On the contrary, the weaknesses lie in the need to evaluate the needs of the customers within his area. Apparently, his competitors had been offering price strategies that could be indicative of the customers’ sensitivity to prices. Further, he should select the products that would generate profits rather than giving them more work (like the lawn mower equipment). His use of selective advertisements needs to be evaluated to ensure that all products offered would be appropriately promoted to enhance customers’ awareness, recall and purchase. The bike offer is a good opportunity since the incentives are enticing (initial inventory, accessories and repair parts need not be paid within 90 days). However, since the product is virtually the same as those offered by other competitors within the area, the strategy to be applied should differentiate him from others and determine the needs of the customers within the area for mountain bikes. One therefore recommends not to include the bike in his

Data analysis report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Data analysis report - Assignment Example One of the considerations is the human belief on what the likely outcomes might be and how they may influence the decisions. The stronger the belief that the likely outcomes has an impact which is more favourable, the stronger the willingness/attitude to perform a certain behaviour. Another consideration is the expectations of others and how they might influence ones decisions. This boils down to peer pressure meaning that a certain age group may be influenced by another group, or rather, an individual in a certain age bracket may be influenced by what the other is the said group do. Further, the presence of certain factors which may have an impact on making the various decisions is another consideration taken into account. A combination of the above three considerations gives rise to behavioural intentions. According to Ajzen (1987; 1991; 2002; 2005 and 2008); Kimiecik (1992) and Beck and Ajzen (1991), the more favourable a certain attitude is and it’s accompanying social pre ssure, the stronger the intentions to make the decision. If a person has a personal control of the over the various behaviours, then it is assumed that he/she can perform or make decisions based on the availability of opportunities. However, as Beck and Ajzen (1991) puts it, changing only one belief has no sufficient evidence that attitude will change. Through their argument, a change in one belief may affect anticipated change in another belief. In support of Beck and Ajzen assertions, Godin (1993) believes that balancing the total aggregate of the three beliefs towards a positive direction is the only assurance of attitude change towards making a decision. To Madden, Ellen and Ajzen (1992), one can change the existing beliefs and which affect the implementation of certain behaviours by giving new information leading to the formation of new beliefs which are likely to tilt the balance towards certain behaviour. However, Madden, Ellen and Ajzen (1992) point out that the information given should be as accurate as possible and should be given to all without discrimination if a valid and reliable conclusion is to be made from the findings. This is so because, it is also possible to change believes by giving powerful false information relevant to the believes. This in the short term may produce a change which may not be felt in the long run. At last, the individuals retreat back to the original beliefs prior to the powerful false information. The other important factor is the understanding that the intentions may not always result into attitude change towards behaviour. In this regard, it is always important to link the two so that perceived outcomes can be properly linked producing results (Raats, Shepherd and Sparks 1993). Research Design To gain a deeper understanding of the roles of certain factors which influence the formation of consumer purchase intentions, a study was undertaken. A sample of 150 participants took part. 74 were from the UK while the remaini ng 76 were from Germany. The study data was collected using a questionnaire

Journal Article Critques Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Journal Article Critques - Essay Example The study also established that the concepts between childhood obesity varied significantly from one region to another. There seems to be no consensus on the available body of knowledge on the subject of obesity and overweight in children. The study also acknowledges the difficulties involved in reaching an international consensus regarding the terms to be used in the definition of obesity and overweight among children. According to the study, some general terms have been used in the definition although there seems to specific differences even within the common terms. The study cites the example of Body Mass Index (BMI), which is a standard measure of determining obesity. According to the study, this BMI determines the manner in which a particular study explores the levels of obesity within a particular context. The cit-off point in the BMI has often varied from the percentile points of 85th and 97th. The results from this study illustrate clearly the levels of conflict associated wi th the definition of obesity in children. However, the study seems to develop some points of general consensus between the various issues that tie on the matter of childhood obesity in children. ... hat it seems to anchor its assumptions on some of the already known effects of obesity in terms of how it affects the development of children matters. This may not add new knowledge to the nurse practitioner since the common definitions have been overly exhausted by the research arena. Variations in perceptions seem to attach to the specific aspects as included within the general factors of the definition. However, the broad definitions of obesity, according to the terms of this study, coalesce around some common points. Notably, this study comes out strongly by bringing into perspective some of the problematic issues that are related to the definition of obesity in children. It also makes the point about the need for increased research into the manifestation of obesity in children. This point is drawn from a general concern that the traditional definition of obesity has tended to curve out certain demographic factors while ignoring others. For instance, the term obesity has traditio nally been associated with certain age brackets, and people of some specific socio-economic statuses. On this score, this study challenges some of these assumptions by providing or suggesting an expansion on the frame of reference within which alternative and more comprehensive definitions of childhood obesity could be understood. Therefore, the article becomes an important mind opener and prepares the nurse practitioner for further research into the area of concern. The study conducted by Kumar (2012) sought to explore the prevalence, manifestation, interventions, and common challenges associated with obesity in children. The study identifies childhood obesity as a crisis of public health around the world. The study observes that the prevalence of childhood obesity has been on the rise in

The Pharmaceutical Industries Facing Challenges Commerce Essay

The Pharmaceutical Industries Facing Challenges Commerce Essay In last few years pharmaceutical industries facing challenges because of economic downturn, increased healthcare cost, rise development cost, pharmaceutical sales in the market, increased competition for generic drug products, regulatory pressure cause weak US pharmaceutical growth. Few blockbuster drugs come to the market Because of decreased New Chemical Entities (NCE) research, development marketing. Pharmaceutical manufacturing sector plays serious role in US economy. Manufacturing and Good Distribution Practice (GDP) for pharmaceutical drug products decreases as compare to last few years. But at the same time, Chinese share increases up to 17%. It is important part of US economy, but manufacturing is no more prevailing part of US economy. Finally some industries adapted few solutions to overcome problems. Analyst focuses on commercial view of the companies and gives some advice that will use in current market and successful future. Objective Small scale large scale manufacturing companies have to think about their production in growing global market. The main object of topic is to evaluate and observe future of the manufacturing practice in global market by creating model. Due to growth of market, companies have to reduce manufacturing cost to stand in competition, raise profits and market share on expanding goal audience. They create new drug products in the market and maintain required quality of the drugs with low cost to hold their regular customer and attract new customers. Figure 1 Frame Work Diagram Global Environment Companies are going to preplan before any outsider affect the manufacturing process of the drug product. Company can aware of market economy, globalization, latest technologies develop in manufacturing field, demographics etc. Strategic Responses Strategic response in pharmaceutical manufacturing is used in production flexibilities, create design of new drug product, new manufacturing process with newly discover drug products, connection with internet which gives good communication between employees and data. SME Recommendations In last step, more focus on prescription information then description information. Main focus of prescriptive strategy is on customer satisfaction, market scenario, newly develop technologies in the pharmaceutical field and networking. Business Strategy First of all companies are aware of market, competition, relative drug manufacturing, material and employment costs, governments legal policies as per countries rules. Create a plan and criteria to achieve successful marketing, saving money and revenue, highly trained staff new technologies with freshly set goals in business sector. It includes financial investigation, business fact, material sourcing, stock management, manufacturing, in process management, distribution, promotion and marketing management. Changes in the global market is very quick so by using metrics and management guidelines to improves business strategies, add and improve necessary information in business. Management can give change to every employee for their individual suggestion to improve business strategy. [1] Growing Environment Manufacturing of one drug product is difficult task to do. Because it to difficult to understand demand of the drug product in coming few years. Company may invest millions of dollars for new drug manufacturing, its approval, marketing and promotion. If drug cannot pass in clinical trial because of its undesired adverse effects more than its benefit, so company has to spend money and time to solve this problem. Company spent 3 to 4 years and billions of dollars for building facility for particular type of drug product and there is no security that the new product is à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¹Ã…“cost effectiveà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ and capable enough to fit in companyà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s criteria profitable enough for the company. [2] Generic drug companies do not face these types of problems and also the margin of profit is less as compare to the Brand Name Drug Company. Just in Time (JIT) in manufacturing Just in time is a pull method of production. Just in time is applied in drug manufacturing process which is used to decrease in process methods and time. JIT is suitable production arrangement when: [3] Specific number of the products prepared by manufacturing process Drug products with high value Less time setup for drug on machine Highly trained staff and flexibility in work Standard product with stable production Quality of the product can be ensured Just in time is used to improve drug product quality and effectiveness. Particular level of the raw material which is specified by the company is decrease at the particular level then company can order new raw materials in the company so it helps to save space in warehouse and reduce to check physical and chemical test of the raw materials. Firstly it was used in ford motor company by Henry Ford. [4] It basically focuses on management and how to implement supply chain in to the specific manufacturing process. JIT gives clear increase in liquid asset of the company by creating tax free and cash flow. Company launch new drug product in to the market at that time low output time is beneficial for unexpected increase in drug requirement. Long output time is normally making detail list of all the items in  stock of the drug product before increasing the demand of product. If we can use JIT in pharmaceutical manufacturing which is not good decision because company has to spent more money to create sturdy method. So we can say that if generic drug product companies use JIT approach is beneficial to them as compared to Brand Name Drug Company. Margin of the saving money by the generic drug product companies are less then Brand Name Drug Company. [5] Weakness of JIT JIT normally used in highly automatic drug production but not in custom made item. Every one relies on others because they are mutually dependent to each other. Weakness of JIT affects on supply chain and it become more costly. It causes drug market fluctuation, improper stock, lack of communication in every stage and also may leads to decrease drug production. [6] Sometime small quantity of material has been used to overcome defective drug product result. If supplier is not going to supply raw material in time to the company, it cause delay in production and distribution. Particular space is used for finished product so surprising order creates problems in finished product department. Global Pharmaceutical Market Figure 2 Global Pharmaceutical Industry Nowadays growth of pharmaceutical markets in the world is 4 to 6% expected value is $825 billion. As per the experts review, growth of pharmaceutical market is increase up to 4 to 7 % by 2013. And expected value of the market increase up to $975+ billion by 2013. In recent scenario, pharmaceutical markets are growing fast in the region of Asia-Pacific. It is because of very low cost and favorable environment with contract manufacturing and generic drug production. Increased in Reach and Development market in this region was helped to gain money up to US $187 billion in 2009. Now limited companies are involved in R D program. Sometime Research Development takes more time as expected so budget increases but company cannot increase product cost due to government policies. As a result companies are not spending time for new drug Research Development. Most recent growing pharmaceutical companies are in India, China, Indonesia, South Korea, and Malaysia due to less cost of the drug prod uct, less labor cost, good health insurance strategies as compare to the US market and it is beneficial to the company for its growth. China possibly becomes biggest pharmaceutical market in the world. India is the 3rd largest manufacturer of pharmaceutical drug product in the world. Expected growth of the pharmaceutical industries in global market in coming years is in China and Russia because they have strong support of government. [7] Demographic in pharmaceutical market With the help of research we can know the demographic review, macroeconomic indicators, disease analysis etc. It is used to know the strategies in the market and successful possibilities in the global pharmaceutical market. Some topics which helps in demographic survey such as: Analyst View Basically analyst checks all details of clinical research study, evaluate them if any problem in machine, human error, quality control system, in process methods etc, arrives in the study, in that case they can overcome the problem and improve with the help of specific method. It helps to save money by increasing product quality. [8] Control in operating cost How to improve quality with less cost of the drug product is very challenging in pharmaceutical market. Understanding cost approach is used to increase margin of the drug manufacturing. Pharmaceutical industries have to take active steps in order to control cost. Cost of Research and Development increases upon discovery of new blockbuster in the market. Attracting and holding skilled workers In pharmaceutical industries, experience and knowledge in the employees is very important. People who are working in the industries are skilled with good knowledge about market, excellent communication skill, Professional behavior, unity, able to manage work load etc. affect the growth of company. Labor cost of the United States is very high as compare to China India. [9] Pharmaceutical Companies facing Challenges Pharmaceutical companies are facing challenges to develop high quality of drug product with less cost due to increase population in the world. To create quality of the drug products give less yield and high market cost, as a result consumer may not use drug product. To solve this problem company has to create new production formulas. They spend billions of dollars for its research; developments, approval, advertisement and marketing with less drug cost without compromising gross send on R D. Companies have to face some geo-political situation. For example; AIDS is major problem in the world. Governments are demanding strict attention on AIDS and give pressure to pharmaceutical companies to search develop new drug product which is used to cure AIDS. Brand Name Drug Company has to face some challenges because after the patent expiry they are allowed new product in to the market, so other companies create same drug which are equivalent to brand name drug in all aspects is called as Ge neric Drugs. Generic manufacturer do not have to get time and money for R D, as a reason generic drugs are less costly. Market share of Brand Name Drug is declines due to generic drug. Health insurance promotes the generic drug use among the consumers for saving bills as a result less research on new drugs. Following are some solution which helps to overcome some challenges facing by pharmaceutical companies. Figure 3 Some Solution stack Alignment with Pharmaceutical Trends Aspirations Pharmaceutical solution provides new and unique method for solubility profile based on drug properties and modifying some process for drug development. These solutions provide management capabilities through various processes leading to progress in work for high level of efficiency. It is very flexible and applies enough in Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, DP and Biotechnological drug manufacturing. With the help of true SOPs, we can check manual errors done by employees evaluate it and create a new process how to solve this problem. ISA-95 and ISA-88 is used to define challenges face by clients in management, process analysis, in its data, in schedule etc. Conclusion As per my opinion JIT is very useful system for manufacturing company with wide consignment, suitable material with quality, employees, and different types of equipments can always accessible when required. JIT decreases product waste and provides good quality of products which is prepared by manufacturer, supplier and consumer. In short, JIT is a one of the Ladder with continuous stages of loyalty to do job in proper way in growing global market. Nowadays pharmaceutical industries face many challenges of surviving in this global market. Generic manufacturer are facing competition for generic products, force for restrict drug price due to government policies and increase RD cost due to governmental demands. Active pharmaceutical Ingredients production began in china and India before few years.

Greek Influences on Western Civilization :: essays research papers

Ancient Greek Contributions It is always important to look to the past in order to move towards the future. This was done in the formation of Western Society, and more specifically the formation of American society. The Greek culture served as a frame of reference for many aspects of Western life including government, architecture, math and the arts. Ancient Greek culture served as a very broad base for our society to be built upon. During the age of Pericles, the ideal form of government was believed to be a government formed by all of the citizens regardless of wealth or social standing. This was known as democracy, literally meaning â€Å" government of the people† [Document 3.] This government favored the many instead of the few. Athens was a direct democracy, meaning every citizen participated in debates. Western civilization used this philosophy of government by many, and created an indirect democracy where citizens elect officials to make and enforce laws. Geometry, a cornerstone in modern civilization, also had its beginnings in Ancient Greece. Euclid, a mathematician, formed many geometric proofs and theories [Document 5]. He also came to one of the most significant discoveries of math, Pi. This number showed the ratio between the diameter and circumference of a circle. Grecian architecture formed its own conventions in the ancient world, buildings in Greece were built with meticulous mathematic design. Great buildings were believed to be symmetrical, and perfectly proportioned [Document 7]. Another prominent aspect of ancient Greek architecture is the extensive use of columns. There were three basic types used, Doric which were plain capitals, ionic in which the capitals were fashioned after ram’s horns, and Corinthian which were made to mirror acanthus leaves. Greek Influences on Western Civilization :: essays research papers Ancient Greek Contributions It is always important to look to the past in order to move towards the future. This was done in the formation of Western Society, and more specifically the formation of American society. The Greek culture served as a frame of reference for many aspects of Western life including government, architecture, math and the arts. Ancient Greek culture served as a very broad base for our society to be built upon. During the age of Pericles, the ideal form of government was believed to be a government formed by all of the citizens regardless of wealth or social standing. This was known as democracy, literally meaning â€Å" government of the people† [Document 3.] This government favored the many instead of the few. Athens was a direct democracy, meaning every citizen participated in debates. Western civilization used this philosophy of government by many, and created an indirect democracy where citizens elect officials to make and enforce laws. Geometry, a cornerstone in modern civilization, also had its beginnings in Ancient Greece. Euclid, a mathematician, formed many geometric proofs and theories [Document 5]. He also came to one of the most significant discoveries of math, Pi. This number showed the ratio between the diameter and circumference of a circle. Grecian architecture formed its own conventions in the ancient world, buildings in Greece were built with meticulous mathematic design. Great buildings were believed to be symmetrical, and perfectly proportioned [Document 7]. Another prominent aspect of ancient Greek architecture is the extensive use of columns. There were three basic types used, Doric which were plain capitals, ionic in which the capitals were fashioned after ram’s horns, and Corinthian which were made to mirror acanthus leaves.

Literature Review †Mnes, International Business and Country Risk Essay

Introduction This review is written to give readers a understanding of the meaning of Country risk Management, International Business and Small and Medium sized Businesses. When business or institutions engage in international lending or cross-border exposures, they undertake not only the customary risk but also country risk, which is the risk associated with the economic, social and political conditions within a foreign obligator’s home country/jurisdiction. Therefore the understanding of Country Risk Management is of importance. International business is a term used to describe all commercial transactions of private and governmental institution on sales, investments, logistics, and transportation that take place between two or more regions, countries and nations beyond their political boundary. In the world the importance of international Business keeps growing. This review will provide information on what the meaning is of international Business and it will give the reader a better understanding of International business, the driving forces of International Business and explain about the restrictions that play a role. Regarding Small and Medium sized enterprises. This will give readers a view on in what accept they operate which companies are considered SMEs and what role they play in the world. This will also show you the difference between SMEs and MNEs. Country Risk Management When you look at the definition of Country Risk Management, it refers to taking account of the possibility that economic and political conditions, or an event in a foreign country, could adversely impact an institution’s or business in that country. The institutions that works in those countries in international lending or having other cross border exposure are vulnerable to country risk and you have to take that as a country risk manager in account. â€Å"Country risk is not limited to an institution’s international lending operations; rather because their other on balance sheet activities and as well as off balance sheet exposures also contain country risk.† [5] When looked at businesses or institutions that outsource internationally, such as electronic data processing, electronic banking or any consultancy/management services, with overseas parties that are involved, this also carries country risk. Institutions are indirectly exposed to country risk as a result of their exposure to domestic entities that have significant cross border exposures, these institutions are not required to take into account such exposures in their formal country risk management process. However, such indirect country risk assessment pertains to credit risk management and banks are expected to give due consideration to this aspect while taking an exposure on such domestic entities. Institutions can exercise little direct influence on the country risk they are exposed to. This distinctive nature of country risk necessitates that banks having significant cross border risk exposure should have adequate country risk management framework. The term â€Å"country† in country risk management should be widely interpreted to include different jurisdictions or economic entities. For example, when you look at China, you should treat the Mainland China, Hong Kong and Chinese Taiwan as separate jurisdictions / economic entities in their country risk management processes. [6] â€Å"Country risk can be broadly classified into sovereign, transfer/convertibility and contagion risk. * Sovereign risk denotes a foreign government’s capacity and willingness to repay its direct and indirect (i.e. guaranteed) foreign currency obligations. * Transfer/Convertibility risk arises if changes in government policies, or any event, result in a barrier to free conversion or movement of foreign exchange across countries. Under such conditions, a borrower may not be able to secure foreign exchange to service its external obligations. * Where a country suffers economic or political problems, leading to depletion of its foreign currency reserves, the borrowers in that country may not be able to convert their funds from local currency into foreign currency to repay their external obligations. Contagion risk refers to the possibility that any adverse economic or political factor in one country has an impact on other countries in that region. â€Å" International Business International business is a term used to describe all commercial transactions of private and governmental institution on sales, investments, logistics, and transportation that take place between two or more regions, countries and nations beyond their political boundary. Private companies mostly do such transactions for beneficial reasons; governments also do them for profit and also for political reasons. International Business is not a new phenomenon, trade across the globe is as old as business itself. Today, every nation has increasing number of companies buying and selling goods in the international market place. A number of developments around the world have helped to fuel this activity. â€Å"Some of the major forces driving International Business are – LPC Movement, MNCs, Technology, World economic trends, regional economic integration, Transportation and communication improvements, product development costs, competition†. [3] International Business has gained wide popularity, because of the growing rate of multinational enterprises. During the last-three decades, the field of modern International business began to develop. Today, it has become a separate field of study in the management courses. The reasons to study this subject are, because almost all of the large enterprises in developed countries are international in character. Due to the economic liberalization and globalization, immense international business opportunities have been created. In most companies the manager needs to have knowledge about international business for managing complexities and understanding the various factors. Now a days public policy issues are very often related to international trade, investment and finance. There is no country that can neglect the foreign trade sector, when drawing up its economic policies. In business rules are highly diverse and unclear within International business. There are many languages and differences in culture, varied financial climate, patriotism hinders, multiple currencies and taxation system, integrative approach to study, product planning & development according to foreign markets, multiple & unstable marketing environment. Control of business activities is within International Business is difficult. International business is a wide concept and it encompasses a varied activity that makes its scope even wider. With the advent of the LPG Movement, the global Market place has shrinked and became one platform for conducting market activities, creating a wide range of operations and activities under its. There are several forces that restricts international business crossing the borders of the nation is not an easy task, as one has to face many barriers on various fronts. â€Å"Some of the restricting forces of IB are – Management Myopia, National Controls, High Investment required, Trade Blocs, Exchange Instability, and Technological Piracy†[3] International Business is an extension of domestic business. Today, all types of business enterprises are inspired to carry on business across the globe. Both IB & DB are similar in some ways, such as Business whether domestic or international, involves buying and selling of goods and services, Profit is the main objective of every business, whether domestic or international, Both in domestic as well as IB success depend upon satisfying the customers, Building goodwill is another common objective of both the business, Research and development for product improvement and adaption is necessary in both businesses, Business concepts, processes and principles are universally applicable, and the marketer’s task is same in both.[3] Small and medium sized enterprises Institutions recognize small and medium enterprises also known as SMEs, as companies whose personnel numbers fall below certain limits. The abbreviation â€Å"SME† is used in the European Union and by international organizations such as the World Bank, the United Nations and the World Trade Organization (WTO). Small enterprises outnumber large companies by a wide margin and also employ many more people. SMEs are also said to be responsible for driving innovation and competition in many economic sectors. [2] There is also an important variation of called a multinational enterprise also known as MNE. That is a company that has a worldwide approach to markets and production with operations in more than one country. An MNE is often called multinational corporation (MNC) or transnational company (TNC). Well known MNCs include fast food companies such as McDonald’s, Burger King etc., vehicle manufacturers such as General Motors, Ford Motor Company and Toyota, consumer electronics companies like Samsung, LG and Sony, and energy companies such as ExxonMobil, Shell and BP. Most of the largest corporations operate in multiple national markets. Areas of understanding within MNE of within this topic include differences in the legal systems, political systems, economic policy, language, accounting standards, labor standards, living standards, environmental standards, local culture, corporate culture, foreign exchange market, tariffs, import and export regulations, trade agreements, climate, education and many more topics. Each of these factors requires significant changes in how individual business units operate from one country to the next. [2] The conduct of international operations depends on companies’ objectives and the means with which they carry them out. The operations affect and are affected by the physical and societal factors and the competitive environment. Conclusion This review tries to give readers a better understanding on â€Å"Country Risk Management†, â€Å"International Business† and â€Å"Small and medium sized enterprises†. In addition, information from previous publications that are related is used to strengthen the topics that are being discussed. The paper starts with the definition of explaining the known understanding of Country Risk Management and continues explaining International Business and Small and medium sized enterprises. This shows you what importance these subject have and what role they play on multinationals and for you working in multinationals Source: [1]http://www.ncr.org.za/pdfs/Literature%20Review%20on%20SME%20Access%20to%20Credit%20in%20South%20Africa_Final%20Report_NCR_Dec%202011.pdf [2]http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/sme/files/sme_definition/sme_user_guide_en.pdf [3] http://www.gurukpo.com/admin/bookpdf/57.pdf [4]http://www.uscib.org/docs/international_business.pdf [5] http://www.sbp.org.pk/bsd/2004/Anex-C3.pdf [6]http://www.amcm.gov.mo/rules_and_guidelines/laws/bank/En_Av_08_2008.pdf [7]http://www.prenhall.com/behindthebook/0131738607/pdf/CKR_Why_We_Wrote_This_Book.pdf

Romancing the Stone essays

Romancing the Stone essays In "Romancing the Stone," heroine Joan Wilder is a successful romance novelist, secure in her career but not in herself. She is very attractive, but plays down her looks by not dressing well at times. Her career dominates her life, and she has become well known around the world for her books. She develops a relationship with Jack Colton when she travels to South America to help her sister, which is very unlike her. It is clear she is becoming attracted to Jack, but they are completely opposite, and they seem to have too many differences to ever really get together. Jack makes her look and feel beautiful, and as their relationship begins to develop, she just seems to glow. She is very modest, even shy at times. However, she shows that when family is at stake, she can be extremely independent and resourceful. She is extremely sensitive, which makes sense since she is a writer, and she has a good sense of humor when she is comfortable with the people around her. She is not a "typical" romantic heroine in many ways, because she is a recluse at the beginning of the novel, and she does not meet the hero through her work. Again, her work is not typical of a romantic heroine either. However, most of her character fits with the heroine ideal, such as not taking her attractiveness for granted and being extremely vulnerable. As she blossoms under Jack's love, she becomes more typical and more appealing. Sex in the story is presented tenderly and with love and respect. The couple is drawn to each other and have survived many difficulties, so it seems natural when the sex scene occurs. In fact, the sex is implied, which makes it all the more romantic and appropriate to the film. Joan does not give herself lightly, so it is clear she really cares about Jack. This is important for the romantic quality of the film and to keep the heroine "pure" and good throughout the story. She only sleeps with Jack, and it is because of true lo...

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Since its controversial launch in March 1997 Channel 5 has been the fifth wheal upsetting the balance of British terrestrial broadcasting. With millions of videos to retune and a paltry programme budget few foresaw success, but C5 was the only mainstream broadcaster to increase its audience share last year1, and at the beginning of this year it was valued at 1.2 billion. The recent purchase of the rights to screen ITVs Australian soap opera Home and Away is a major coup, the first time it has poached from a competitor (its had to get used to the reverse). The problems C5 have had in the past C5 executives are eager to overplay recent well publicised successes, but the channel has been dogged by problems from the start, some technically unavoidable and some disputably due to managerial misjudgement. At the RTS convention in 1999 Greg Dyke, chairing a session on branding, challenged David Brook (director of marketing during C5s launch) that part of the problem with C5 was that it didnt live up to its launch. Brook disagreed saying You must remember, we had to launch a channel without any programmes and amongst all the confusion of retuning His defence cites two of the three main initial problems C5 faced 1) A budget 1/6 of the BBCs 2) The necessity to retune your TV/Video. Also hindering performance was 3) The lack of reach (still only 80% of BBC). The million pounds spent on marketing and producing the glamorous opening was supposed to tackle the first 2 problems, however critics say the reliance of style over substance faith in the power of persuasive com! munication, was short sighted. Brooks successor, Jim Hyther commented (Guardian Nov 1st, 99) Once the coffee jar is on the supermarket shelf, you cant keep pretending to the customer its premium ground when its actually instant granules. Typical schedule content (see appen...

Leading in the Darkness and the Light - Answers Essay

Leading in the Darkness and the Light - Answers - Essay Example As the rescue went on, the miners demonstrated different forms of leadership. First, there was evidence of servant leadership as one of the miners who was a trained paramedic went about helping his colleagues and giving advice on what they should do. That demonstrated empathy, which is a characteristic of servant leaders (Northouse 220). Also, the shift foreman demonstrated servant leadership as he made sure he was the last to come up. The miner that used humor demonstrated transformational leadership as he tried to motivate the rest and keep their morale up (Northouse 186). The pastor demonstrated authentic leadership as he remained hopeful and kept their hope up during the time. Above the ground, there was a demonstration of various forms of leadership. President Pinera demonstrated authentic leadership as demonstrated by his optimism and commitment to the rescue (Humphrey 259). Mining Minister Golborne, on his part, proved to be a servant leader. That was evident from the empathy he showed towards the trapped miners as he spent most of the time at the site. Engineer Sougarret led the drilling project. In the process, he enabled creativity as his team sought different ways to locate the miners. He thus demonstrated transformational leadership. Unlike the case of Hurricane Katrina and the BP oil spill, the miners’ crisis in Chile saw the government take responsibility. The President and his Mining Minister took over the rescue operation as contrasted to the US situation where the Government left that to someone else. Unlike the US cases where the operation moved from one solution to the other, the Chilean rescue had some organization and control. There was a plan A, and B. They had a plan and knew the steps they would take. To keep things running, the mining Minister was ever present at the site and the President made an appearance from time to time. That was not the case in the case of Hurricane Katrina and the BP oil spill.  

COMPUTER PHYSICIAN ORDER ENTRY Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

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People and Organisational Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

People and Organisational Management - Essay Example It is important to be able to have a clear idea of yourself in developing your own PDF. It is no surprise then that knowing oneself is the primary requirement when preparing a PDF. This can be done by getting data that pertains to oneself. Being able to do this may take a lifetime since a person’s growth naturally adds up to a person’s trove of experiences. This is very important since a self-motivated individual must seek a challenging environment. Likewise, improvement and personal innovation has really become key traits nowadays for an individual to be able to cope with the fast changing environment at work. Likewise, it is also key to exude a certain degree of professionalism at all times. In crafting a resume’, it is important to remember that the one making his or her resume knows the product more than the anybody because he or she is selling himself/herself (the MIT Career Development Centre). Self AssessmentIt is important to be able to have a clear idea of yourself in developing your own PDF. It is no wonder that this is the initial step towards a successful plan for self-development. Hence, after a quick review, I have come to realize certain key points about myself such as my strong work ethic and my being dependable and resposible. I believe that this is further strengthened by my postive attitude as well as the character that i am particularly proud of. The cut throat competition can really drain a person physically and mentally.... This will then lead to professional development not to mention the numerous contacts from networks. Moving forward and achieving the milestones that I will set in my PDP can help me maximize the opportunities that further studies and maybe even trainings can provide me. In addition, my further studieas and trainings can be reagrded as a reward in itself In any case, the opportunity for further learneing can boost my PDP as I regard my performance as reward (McClelland, 1961). 10 Threats 10 Despite the positive impact of such an opportunity, it is undeniable that these do not come cheap. Hence, the cost can greatly undermine my efforts making failure bith painful and costly. However, this is where my docility will be tested as I set out in my PDP. It is therefore important to include in the plan certain reminders of how significant the task that I will be undertaking really is. In that way, I can stay motivated to be able to prod on when the going gets tough (Grant 2008b). 10 Conclusi on 10 My main target for now is to earn my master’s degree which will open up a host of possibilities. Despite the threat of costs, it is imperative that I am able to push forward with this plan even if the monetary rewards do not come right away. To hurdle this I turn to Esenberger’s theory (1992) of learned industriousness wherein putting in certain incentives throughout my PDP can motivate me further to truly imporve myself. Most important of these will be the fact that the opportunity for further learneing can boost my PDP and that my performance in that endeavor is a reward in itself (McClelland 1961). It is then easy to have certain markers and milestones as every semester that I hurdle is a milestone in itself. Also, since plans are not static, it is

The Murders in the Rue Morgue †a Story with Many Firsts Essay Example for Free

The Murders in the Rue Morgue – a Story with Many Firsts Essay â€Å"The Murders in the Rue Morgue† is unquestionably the first detective fiction story. This without a doubt makes Edgar Allan Poe the father of detective crime. Poe was gifted at writing the genre of horror, perhaps because as some say, his life had been â€Å"marred by tragedy from an early age†(online literature). He certainly did have a knack for telling interesting and imaginative tales, which was highlighted by his obsession with death and violence in his stories. Poe was able to keep his readers interested in his stories by not only writing of death and violence but also giving them mystery and a puzzle to solve. Besides being the first detective story, â€Å"The Rue Morgue† is a story full of firsts; it tells the first locked room mystery in which the crime takes place inside a room that has been locked from the inside with no other way in or out and the main character is the first fictional detective. These types of mysteries are certain to keep a reader’s interest because it seems that there is no logical explanation. â€Å"The Rue Morgue† uses both the locked room mystery aspect and keeping the answers until the very end as interest keepers and blends them together to make one fine mystery. This story is just as much about a mystery as it is about deductive reasoning. The characters of C. Auguste Dupin and the narrator, who is his housemate, live very secluded lives. It appears that they do not go out at all during the day but do go and entertain themselves by walking the streets of Paris at night. At an early point in the story the two men are walking when Dupin breaks the silence by a single sentence commenting on the very thoughts of his partner. This small mystery intrigues Dupin’s companion and the reader. Dupin makes his rationalization seem â€Å"so simple that we all feel that we are capable of it. †(Watt, â€Å"Overview†). The reader is compelled to believe that Dupin has an extraordinary power of insight the way he reasons his way to conclusions. He is not unlike Sherlock Holmes in this respect. Holmes is known for his rationalizations and reasoning as well as his eclectic lifestyle and odd habits just as Dupin is. As a matter of fact it is said that Sir Arthur Canon Doyle was inspired by Poe and his Sherlock Holmes character is based on his detective, C.  Auguste Dupin (Mansfield-Kelly, Marchino, 82) Unlike Holmes, Dupin is not a detective by profession; rather he is an amateur detective. He takes on the case of the murders in the Rue Morgue not for money but for his own amusement after reading about it in the paper. He feels that he is more competent than the police and that he can solve the crime before they can. He uses his analytical skills to deduce the solution, which we are enlightened by at the end of the story. He is keenly observant taking in every little detail of the house on the inside and outside. Upon examining the windows in the bedroom Dupin had reasoned that the means of the murderers escape had to have been through either of the windows. As he examined more closely he discovered that they were nailed shut, or where they? One window had in fact had a nail in it, which would limit its usefulness as an escape. The other window however had been â€Å"fixed† so that it could be opened by a spring and when closed again the spring would catch and the window would look as though it was nailed shut as well. Dupin comes to the conclusion that the murdered is an orangutan because of his obsession with literature and books. He is familiar with the description of the orangutan from Baron Georges Cuvier who describes the animal and it’s strength. By knowing these characteristics he is then able to compare the devastation of the two bodies with the â€Å"wild ferocity† (76) of the beast. This all of course is just a wild guess on Dupin’s part until he places an advertisement in a paper calling for the owner of an orangutan to come and claim his beast and a sailor (as he suspected) does indeed come for him. The sailor reluctantly confirms Dupin’s observations to be correct as he describes the heinousness of the crimes in which this orangutan committed, which was a result of being frightened by the sight of his master’s whip. Poe adds a little bit of the grotesque as well. To go along with our class discussion about gore, this could arguably be a first detective story including gore in its pages. There are numerous examples throughout the story that are very descriptive and horrific in nature, especially for that time period. Poe was quite explicit when describing the state of the bodies of the murdered, just as the scenes of the bodies and murders are in CSI. Illustrating the body of Madame L’Espanaye, Poe describes it as â€Å"her throat so entirely cut that, upon attempt to move to raise her, the head fell off. † (62). Poe also gives a telling description of the act of slicing her throat, which is on page 80 in The Longman Anthology of Detective Fiction, â€Å"With one determined sweep of its muscular arm it nearly severed her head from her body. Another prime example of gore in this story is the description Dupin gives the narrator of the hair that was found on the hearth, â€Å"Their roots (a hideous site! ) were clotted with fragments of the flesh of the scalp – sure token of the prodigious power which had been exerted in uprooting perhaps half a million of hairs at a time. † (74) These descriptions might not be something that we would consider to be gore by todayâ€℠¢s standards, but in 1841 when this story was written it very well could have made people faint just reading it. I may be simple in my analysis of this story, believing it to be about mystery and reasoning. I have read other people’s thoughts on the subject of this story, which include slavery. Though I don’t necessarily believe that Poe was disguising this story as an uprising against slavery, Edward Higgins White wrote a critical essay discussing that topic. His belief is that the true crime in this story is about slavery and that the orangutan is symbolic of this. He argues that the symbolism is mostly in the last section of the story in which the parallels to race and slavery are most notable. White states †Given the loaded connotations of key terms of the narrativeescaped, master, dreaded whip, fugitive, razor, and of course the Ourang-Outang itselfit would be nearly impossible to ignore the strong suggestions that the story is about slavery, and specifically about slave resistance. † Now I don’t totally disagree with those connotations but I don’t completely believe that Poe was trying to convey that particular message with this story. White questions why Poe feels the need to hide the slave rebel. I ask that same question. I just believe that he is reading too much into the story and is seeing things that are not really there. I do agree, however, that there are some strong parallels and that in reading his essay he makes a good argument. White also brings up the â€Å"Chantilly† passage. He summarizes the fifteen-minute walk in silence in which the detective and his companion take and how Dupin describes how he came to know what his friend was thinking about. He says, â€Å"The basic point of the Chantilly sequence concerns not Dupins intelligence but the narrators ignorance: he does not even understand his own thought processes, the associations made in his imagination. † It is this revelation that leads him to believe that Dupin’s subject is not necessarily the crime itself, but the process of assessing the crime, which reaffirms my belief that the story is about reasoning along with mystery. Edgar Allan Poe, the father of the American detective fiction story. Little did he know at the time the trend that he would be setting for all of literary fiction. The Murders in the Rue Morgue† set precedents for all detective fiction that would be written after it and it established the fundamentals of the detective story technique that are used today. Poe invented the locked room mystery and I believe the first to write descriptions that could be classified as gore. His unique writing style and characters keep readers coming back and keep authors on their toes trying to emulate his style of writing. After all, with out Dupin there would be no Sherlock Holmes and perhaps the genre of detective fiction would not be as we know it to be now.